| Clayton Act 1. Definitions; short title Antitrust laws, as used herein, includes the Act entitled "An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies," approved July second, eighteen hundred and ninety; sections seventy-three to seventy-seven, inclusive, of an Act entitled "An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes," of August twenty- seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-four; an Act entitled "An Act to amend sections seventy-three and seventy-six of the Act of August twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, entitled An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes, " approved February twelfth, nineteen hundred and thirteen; and also this Act. 第一条 （ａ）这里所用的“反托拉斯法”是指：①１８９０年７月２日通过的《保护贸易和商业免于非法限制和垄断法》；②１８９４年８月２７日通过的《为了政府收入和其它目的、减少税收法》第７３至７７条；③《１８９４年８月２７日法第７３和７６条的修正案》，即１９１３年２月１２日通过的《为了国家收入和其它目的、减少税收法》；④本法。 "Commerce," as used herein, means trade or commerce among the several States and with foreign nations, or between the District of Columbia or any Territory of the United States and any State, Territory, or foreign nation, or between any insular possessions or other places under the jurisdiction of the United States, or between any such possession or place and any State or Territory of the United States or the District of Columbia or any foreign nation, or within the District of Columbia or any Territory or any insular possession or other place under the jurisdiction of the United States: Provided, That nothing in this Act contained shall apply to the Philippine Islands. 这里的“商业”是指州际间或与外国的商业和贸易，或哥伦比亚区、美国准州同其它州、准州、外国的商业和贸易，或美国司法管辖权下的属地之间或其它地方之间的商业和贸易，或哥伦比亚区内、准州内、美国司法管辖权下的任何属地及其它地区内的商业和贸易。 本法不适用于菲律宾群岛。 The word "person" or "persons" wherever used in this Act shall be deemed to include corporations and associations existing under or authorized by the laws of either the United States, the laws of any of the Territories, the laws of any State, or the laws of any foreign country. (b) This Act may be cited as the "Clayton Act". 这里的“人”包括依据美国联邦法律、州法、准州法或外国法成立的或经上述法律授权的现存公司和组织。 （ｂ）本法名为《克莱顿法》。 15 U.S.C. §13: Discrimination in price, services, or facilities (a) Price; selection of customers It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, either directly or indirectly, to discriminate in price between different purchasers of commodities of like grade and quality, where either or any of the purchases involved in such discrimination are in commerce, where such commodities are sold for use, consumption, or resale within the United States or any Territory thereof or the District of Columbia or any insular possession or other place under the jurisdiction of the United States, and where the effect of such discrimination may be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce, or to injure, destroy, or prevent competition with any person who either grants or knowingly receives the benefit of such discrimination, or with customers of either of them: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent differentials which make only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from the differing methods or quantities in which such commodities are to such purchasers sold or delivered: Provided, however, That the Federal Trade Commission may, after due investigation and hearing to all interested parties, fix and establish quantity limits, and revise the same as it finds necessary, as to particular commodities or classes of commodities, where it finds that available purchasers in greater quantities are so few as to render differentials on account thereof unjustly discriminatory or promotive of monopoly in any line of commerce; and the foregoing shall then not be construed to permit differentials based on differences in quantities greater than those so fixed and established: And provided further, That nothing herein contained shall prevent persons engaged in selling goods, wares, or merchandise in commerce from selecting their own customers in bona fide transactions and not in restraint of trade: And provided further, That nothing herein contained shall prevent price changes from time to time where in response to changing conditions affecting the market for or the marketability of the goods concerned, such as but not limited to actual or imminent deterioration of perishable goods, obsolescence of seasonal goods, distress sales under court process, or sales in good faith in discontinuance of business in the goods concerned. 第二条 （ａ）从事商业的人在其商业过程中，直接或间接地对同一等级和质量商品的买者实行价格歧视，如果价格歧视的结果实质上减少竞争或旨在形成对商业的垄断，或妨害、破坏、阻止同那些准许或故意接受该歧视利益的人之间的竞争，或者是同他们的顾客之间的竞争，是非法的。这里歧视所涉及的购买是在商业过程中，商品是为了在美国内、准州内、哥伦比亚区内、或美国司法管辖权下的属地及其它地域内的使用、消费和销售。 本规定不适用于那些因制造、销售、运输成本不同所做的合理补贴。 联邦贸易委员会认为某商品或各类商品中，大量购买者是如此少，以至于根据购买数量提出价格差异是歧视性的或旨在促成商业垄断时，经过对所有利益各方当事人的适当调查和审理后，可确定一个数量标准，并在必要时予以修改。 前款不适用于超过联邦贸易委员会规定的数量标准的数量差异所准许的差价。 本规定不限制销售商在善意的而不是限制贸易的交易中，挑选顾客。 本规定不限制随着影响市场的条件的变化而产生的价格变化，或随有关商品的可销售性产生的价格变化，这包括但不限于易腐烂商品在或即将变质、季节性商品的过时、司法程序下扣押品的拍卖以及停业中善意的商品销售。 (b) Burden of rebutting prima-facie case of discrimination Upon proof being made, at any hearing on a complaint under this section, that there has been discrimination in price or services or facilities furnished, the burden of rebutting the prima-facie case thus made by showing justification shall be upon the person charged with a violation of this section, and unless justification shall be affirmatively shown, the Commission is authorized to issue an order terminating the discrimination: Provided, however, That nothing herein contained shall prevent a seller rebutting the prima-facie case thus made by showing that his lower price or the furnishing of services or facilities to any purchaser or purchasers was made in good faith to meet an equally low price of a competitor, or the services or facilities furnished by a competitor. （ｂ）在对依据本节提起的价格歧视诉状或已完成的劳务、设施歧视诉状审理中，根据歧视的公正性证据对初步立案进行辩驳的责任，在被诉违反本节的一方，除非歧视的公正性得以充分说明，否则，将授权委员会发布中止歧视令。 本规定并不限制卖者通过证明，他的低价或劳务及设施的提供是以良好信誉，平等地同竞争者的低价，或由竞争者提供的劳务、设施相适应，来对初步立案加以辩驳。 (c) Payment or acceptance of commission, brokerage, or other compensation It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, to pay or grant, or to receive or accept, anything of value as a commission, brokerage, or other compensation, or any allowance or discount in lieu thereof, except for services rendered in connection with the sale or purchase of goods, wares, or merchandise, either to the other party to such transaction or to an agent, representative, or other intermediary therein where such intermediary is acting in fact for or in behalf, or is subject to the direct or indirect control, of any party to such transaction other than the person by whom such compensation is so granted or paid. （ｃ）商人在其商业过程中，支付、准许、收取、接受佣金、回扣或其它补偿，或作为替代的任何补贴或折扣是非法的。但对同商品购销相关的，提供给另一方当事人或代理机构、或代表人、或其它中间机构的劳务除外。这里的其它中间机构是事实上、或代表或服从于该交易一方的直接、间接控制，而不是受准许支付回扣或支付回扣一方所控制。 (d) Payment for services or facilities for processing or sale It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce to pay or contract for the payment of anything of value to or for the benefit of a customer of such person in the course of such commerce as compensation or in consideration for any services or facilities furnished by or through such customer in connection with the processing, handling, sale, or offering for sale of any products or commodities manufactured, sold, or offered for sale by such person, unless such payment or consideration is available on proportionally equal terms to all other customers competing in the distribution of such products or commodities. （ｄ）商人在其商业过程中，除依据同等条件对所有在商品销售中竞争的其它顾客支付佣金或对价外，对因同该商人生产、销售商品的加工、处理、销售相关的劳务是由某顾客提供或通过该顾客提供的，而作为补偿或对价支付佣金或签订佣金支付合同是非法的。 (e) Furnishing services or facilities for processing, handling, etc. It shall be unlawful for any person to discriminate in favor of one purchaser against another purchaser or purchasers of a commodity bought for resale, with or without processing, by contracting to furnish or furnishing, or by contributing to the furnishing of, any services or facilities connected with the processing, handling, sale, or offering for sale of such commodity so purchased upon terms not accorded to all purchasers on proportionally equal terms. （ｅ）任何人通过按并非同等给予所有购买者的条件签订合同提供或提供，或协助提供与所购商品的加工、处理、销售有关的劳务、设施，进行有利于一个购买者而不利于其他购买者（购买是为了转售，进行或不进行加工）的歧视，是非法的。 (f) Knowingly inducing or receiving discriminatory price It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, knowingly to induce or receive a discrimination in price which is prohibited by this section. （ｆ）商人在其商业过程中，故意引诱或接受本节禁止的价格歧视，是非法的。 15 U.S.C. §13a: Discrimination in rebates, discounts, or advertising service charges; underselling in particular localities; penalties It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, to be a party to, or assist in, any transaction of sale, or contract to sell, which discriminates to his knowledge against competitors of the purchaser, in that, any discount, rebate, allowance, or advertising service charge is granted to the purchaser over and above any discount, rebate, allowance, or advertising service charge available at the time of such transaction to said competitors in respect of a sale of goods of like grade, quality, and quantity; to sell, or contract to sell, goods in any part of the United States at prices lower than those exacted by said person elsewhere in the United States for the purpose of destroying competition, or eliminating a competitor in such part of the United States; or, to sell, or contract to sell, goods at unreasonably low prices for the purpose of destroying competition or eliminating a competitor. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. 第二条Ａ 商人在其商业过程中，参与或作为据其所知歧视购买者的竞争者的销售或销售合同的一方，因为给予该购买者的折扣、回扣、补贴或广告费高于此交易同时上述竞争者就相同等级、质量和数量的货物的销售可以获得的折扣、回扣、补贴或广告费；在美国任何地方以低于美国其他地方上述竞争者要求的价格销售、签订销售合同其目的为破坏竞争或铲除美国该地方的竞争者；或以不合理的低价销售、签订销售合同其目的为破坏竞争或铲除的竞争者，是非法的。 15 U.S.C. §13b: Cooperative association; return of net earnings or surplus Nothing in sections 13 to 13b and 21a of this title shall prevent a cooperative association from returning to its members, producers, or consumers the whole, or any part of, the net earnings or surplus resulting from its trading operations, in proportion to their purchases or sales from, to, or through the association. 第二条Ｂ 本法第二条至第二条Ｂ以及第二十一条Ａ不限制合作社根据其成员、生产者或顾客与合作社之间买卖或通过合作社买卖的比例给予他们全部或部分因商业运营产生的净收入或盈余 15 U.S.C. §13c: Exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions Nothing in sections 13 to 13b and 21a of this title, shall apply to purchases of their supplies for their own use by schools, colleges, universities, public libraries, churches, hospitals, and charitable institutions not operated for profit. 第二条Ｃ 本法第二条至第二条Ｂ以及第二十一条Ａ不适用于学校、公共图书馆、教堂、医院和不盈利的慈善机构购买自用补给品。 15 U.S.C. §14: Sale, etc., on agreement not to use goods of competitor It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, to lease or make a sale or contract for sale of goods, wares, merchandise, machinery, supplies, or other commodities, whether patented or unpatented, for use, consumption, or resale within the United States or any Territory thereof or the District of Columbia or any insular possession or other place under the jurisdiction of the United States, or fix a price charged therefor, or discount from, or rebate upon, such price, on the condition, agreement, or understanding that the lessee or purchaser thereof shall not use or deal in the goods, wares, merchandise, machinery, supplies, or other commodities of a competitor or competitors of the lessor or seller, where the effect of such lease, sale, or contract for sale or such condition, agreement, or understanding may be to substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce. 第三条 商人在其商业过程中，不管商品是否授予专利，商品是为了在美国内、准州内、哥伦比亚区及美国司法管辖权下的属地及其它地域内使用、消费或零售、出租、销售或签订销售合同，是以承租人、买者不使用其竞争者的商品作为条件，予以固定价格，给予回扣，折扣，如果该行为实质上减少竞争或旨在形成商业垄断，是非法的。 15 U.S.C. §15: Suits by persons injured (a) Amount of recovery; prejudgment interest Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, any person who shall be injured in his business or property by reason of anything forbidden in the antitrust laws may sue therefor in any district court of the United States in the district in which the defendant resides or is found or has an agent, without respect to the amount in controversy, and shall recover threefold the damages by him sustained, and the cost of suit, including a reasonable attorneys fee. The court may award under this section, pursuant to a motion by such person promptly made, simple interest on actual damages for the period beginning on the date of service of such persons pleading setting forth a claim under the antitrust laws and ending on the date of judgment, or for any shorter period therein, if the court finds that the award of such interest for such period is just in the circumstances. In determining whether an award of interest under this section for any period is just in the circumstances, the court shall consider only—whether such person or the opposing party, or either partys representative, made motions or asserted claims or defenses so lacking in merit as to show that such party or representative acted intentionally for delay, or otherwise acted in bad faith; whether, in the course of the action involved, such person or the opposing party, or either partys representative, violated any applicable rule, statute, or court order providing for sanctions for dilatory behavior or otherwise providing for expeditious proceedings; and whether such person or the opposing party, or either partys representative, engaged in conduct primarily for the purpose of delaying the litigation or increasing the cost thereof. 第四条 （ａ）除本条（ｂ）中另有规定，任何因反托拉斯法所禁止的事项而遭受财产或营业损害的人，可在被告居住的、被发现的、或有代理机构的区向美国区法院提起诉讼，不论损害大小，一律给予其损害额的三倍赔偿、诉讼费和合理的律师费。 法院可根据本条，就该人及时提出请求在其认为公正的情况下，裁定就实际损失支付单利，期间为自该人送达提出依据反垄断法请求的起诉书之日到判决之日，或更短的时间。在决定根据本条依情况就一定期间的利息裁定是否公正，法院应考虑： （1）该人或其向对方，或任一方的代表是否提出毫无根据的请求或主张或抗辩显示出该方或代表是故意拖延或恶意行事； （2）在诉讼当中，该人或其向对方，或任一方的代表是否违反任何适用的规定对迟延行为处罚或规定迅速进行程序的规则、法律或法院命令；和 （3）该人或其向对方，或任一方的代表是否进行主要目的为拖延诉讼或增加成本的行为。 (b) Amount of damages payable to foreign states and instrumentalities of foreign states Except as provided in paragraph (2), any person who is a foreign state may not recover under subsection (a) of this section an amount in excess of the actual damages sustained by it and the cost of suit, including a reasonable attorneys fee. Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a foreign state if—such foreign state would be denied, under section 1605(a) (2) of Title 28, immunity in a case in which the action is based upon a commercial activity, or an act, that is the subject matter of its claim under this section; such foreign state waives all defenses based upon or arising out of its status as a foreign state, to any claims brought against it in the same action; such foreign state engages primarily in commercial activities; and such foreign state does not function, with respect to the commercial activity, or the act, that is the subject matter of its claim under this section as a procurement entity for itself or for another foreign state. （ｂ）（1）除（2）中另有规定，外国不能根据本条（ａ）获得超过实际损失、诉讼费和合理的律师费的数额。 （2）（1）不应适用于外国，如： （A）根据法28，1605(a) (2)条，该外国被拒绝就基于商业行为或其在本条下提出请求的行为提起诉讼的案件给予豁免权； （B）在同一诉讼中，就针对它提起的任何请求，该外国放弃基于或由其作为外国的地位而产生的所有抗辩； （C）该外国主要从事商业活动；和 （D）该外国就商业行为或其在本条下提出请求的行为不作为一个采购主体为自己或另一个外国行事。 (c) Definitions For purposes of this section—the term "commercial activity" shall have the meaning given it in section 1603(d) of Title 28, and the term "foreign state" shall have the meaning given it in section 1603(a) of Title 28. （ｃ）为本条之目的， （1）“商业活动”应为法28，1603(d)条赋予的意义，和 （2）“外国” 应为法28，1603(a)条赋予的意义。 15 U.S.C. §15a: Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest Whenever the United States is hereafter injured in its business or property by reason of anything forbidden in the antitrust laws it may sue therefor in the United States district court for the district in which the defendant resides or is found or has an agent, without respect to the amount in controversy, and shall recover threefold the damages by it sustained and the cost of suit. The court may award under this section, pursuant to a motion by the United States promptly made, simple interest on threefold the damages for the period beginning on the date of service of the pleading of the United States setting forth a claim under the antitrust laws and ending on the date of judgment, or for any shorter period therein, if the court finds that the award of such interest for such period is just in the circumstances. In determining whether an award of interest under this section for any period is just in the circumstances, the court shall consider only—whether the United States or the opposing party, or either partys representative, made motions or asserted claims or defenses so lacking in merit as to show that such party or representative acted intentionally for delay or otherwise acted in bad faith; whether, in the course of the action involved, the United States or the opposing party, or either partys representative, violated any applicable rule, statute, or court order providing for sanctions for dilatory behavior or otherwise providing for expeditious proceedings; whether the United States or the opposing party, or either partys representative, engaged in conduct primarily for the purpose of delaying the litigation or increasing the cost thereof; and whether the award of such interest is necessary to compensate the United States adequately for the injury sustained by the United States. 第四条 Ａ 无论何时美国因反托拉斯法所禁止的事项而遭受财产及事业的损害时，美国可在被告居住的、被发现的，或有代理机构的区向美国区法院提起诉讼，不论损害数额大小一律予以赔偿其遭受的实际损失和诉讼费。 15 U.S.C. §15b: Limitation of actions Any action to enforce any cause of action under sections 15, 15a, or 15c of this title shall be forever barred unless commenced within four years after the cause of action accrued. No cause of action barred under existing law on the effective date of this Act shall be revived by this Act. 第四条 Ｂ 任何依据本法第四条、第四条Ａ、或第四条Ｃ提起的诉讼，必须在诉讼事由产生后的四年内提出，否则，一律不予受理。 在本法生效之日根据现有法律不予受理的诉讼事由不因本法而成为可予以受理。 15 U.S.C. §15c: Actions by State attorneys general (a) Parens patriae; monetary relief; damages; prejudgment interest. Any attorney general of a State may bring a civil action in the name of such State, as parens patriae on behalf of natural persons residing in such State, in any district court of the United States having jurisdiction of the defendant, to secure monetary relief as provided in this section for injury sustained by such natural persons to their property by reason of any violation of sections 1 to 7 of this title. The court shall exclude from the amount of monetary relief awarded in such action any amount of monetary relief (A) which duplicates amounts which have been awarded for the same injury, or (B) which is properly allocable to (i) natural persons who have excluded their claims pursuant to subsection (b) (2) of this section, and (ii) any business entity. The court shall award the State as monetary relief threefold the total damage sustained as described in paragraph (1) of this subsection, and the cost of suit, including a reasonable attorneys fee. The court may award under this paragraph, pursuant to a motion by such State promptly made, simple interest on the total damage for the period beginning on the date of service of such States pleading setting forth a claim under the antitrust laws and ending on the date of judgment, or for any shorter period therein, if the court finds that the award of such interest for such period is just in the circumstances. In determining whether an award of interest under this paragraph for any period is just in the circumstances, the court shall consider only—whether such State or the opposing party, or either partys representative, made motions or asserted claims or defenses so lacking in merit as to show that such party or representative acted intentionally for delay or otherwise acted in bad faith; whether, in the course of the action involved, such State or the opposing party, or either partys representative, violated any applicable rule, statute, or court order providing for sanctions for dilatory behavior or otherwise providing for expeditious proceedings; and whether such State or the opposing party, or either partys representative, engaged in conduct primarily for the purpose of delaying the litigation or increasing the cost thereof. 第四条 Ｃ （ａ）（１）州司法长作为政府监护人，代表其州内自然人的利益，可以本州的名义，向对被告有司法管辖权的美国区法院提起民事诉讼，以确保其自然人因他人违反谢尔曼法遭受的财产损失获得本节规定的金钱救济。法院将从该诉讼获得的金钱救济中，排除下列部分：（Ａ）重复损害赔偿部分；（Ｂ）（ｉ）归于自然人的部分，该自然人依据本节（ｂ）（２）已放弃；（ｉｉ）归于任何商业实体的部分。 （２）作为金钱救济，法院将判给该州在本款（１）规定的总损害金额的三倍赔偿金，及诉讼费和合理的律师费。法院可根据本款，就该州及时提出请求在其认为公正的情况下，裁定就实际损失支付单利，期间为自该州送达提出依据反垄断法请求的起诉书之日到判决之日，或更短的时间。在决定根据本条依情况就一定期间的利息裁定是否公正，法院应考虑： （A）该州或其向对方，或任一方的代表是否提出毫无根据的请求或主张或抗辩显示出该方或代表是故意拖延或恶意行事； （B）在诉讼当中，该州或其向对方，或任一方的代表是否违反任何适用的规定对迟延行为处罚或规定迅速进行程序的规则、法律或法院命令；和 （C）该州或其向对方，或任一方的代表是否进行主要目的为拖延诉讼或增加成本的行为。 (b) Notice; exclusion election; final judgment. In any action brought under subsection (a) (1) of this section, the State attorney general shall, at such times, in such manner, and with such content as the court may direct, cause notice thereof to be given by publication. If the court finds that notice given solely by publication would deny due process of law to any person or persons, the court may direct further notice to such person or persons according to the circumstances of the case. Any person on whose behalf an action is brought under subsection (a) (1) of this section may elect to exclude from adjudication the portion of the State claim for monetary relief attributable to him by filing notice of such election with the court within such time as specified in the notice given pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection. The final judgment in an action under subsection (a) (1) of this section shall be res judicata as to any claim under section 15 of this title by any person on behalf of whom such action was brought and who fails to give such notice within the period specified in the notice given pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection. （ｂ）（１）在根据本节（ａ）（１）提起的诉讼中，州司法长要按照法院指定的时间、方式、内容，公开发布通知。若法院认为通知仅采用公开发布的形式使当事人不能享有法律的正当程序，法院可视案件的情况，指示对当事人再发通知。 （２）任何人对依本节（ａ）（１）代表其提起的诉讼中的利益，可按照（ｂ）（１）制作的通知中规定的时间内，向法院提出选择通知，要求将州司法长所请求的金钱救济中归本人的那部分，免于判决。 （３）依据本节（ａ）（１）提起的诉讼的最终判决，将是对代表某人提出诉讼，该人却没有在本款（１）制作的通知中规定时间内提出选择通知的任何第15节项下诉讼请求的最终判决。 (c) Dismissal or compromise of action. An action under subsection (a) (1) of this section shall not be dismissed or compromised without the approval of the court, and notice of any proposed dismissal or compromise shall be given in such manner as the court directs. （ｃ）任何依据本节（ａ）（１）提起的诉讼，未经其法院批准，不能驳回或和解，上述意图诉讼驳回或和解的通知，要按照法院规定的方式给出。 (d) Attorneys fees. In any action under subsection (a) of this section—the amount of the plaintiffs attorneys fee, if any, shall be determined by the court; and the court may, in its discretion, award a reasonable attorneys fee to a prevailing defendant upon a finding that the State attorney general has acted in bad faith, vexatiously, wantonly, or for oppressive reasons. （ｄ）在任何依据本节（ａ）提起的诉讼中 （１）原告的律师费，如果有，将由法院决定。 （２）法院在其自由裁量权内，依据州司法长表现极差且任意无根据，或压制性原因，对于明显占优势的被告，给予合理的律师费。 15 U.S.C. §15d: Measurement of damages In any action under section 15c(a) (1) of this title, in which there has been a determination that a defendant agreed to fix prices in violation of sections 1 to 7 of this title, damages may be proved and assessed in the aggregate by statistical or sampling methods, by the computation of illegal overcharges, or by such other reasonable system of estimating aggregate damages as the court in its discretion may permit without the necessity of separately proving the individual claim of, or amount of damage to, persons on whose behalf the suit was brought. 15 U.S.C. §15d: Measurement of damages In any action under section 15c(a) (1) of this title, in which there has been a determination that a defendant agreed to fix prices in violation of sections 1 to 7 of this title, damages may be proved and assessed in the aggregate by statistical or sampling methods, by the computation of illegal overcharges, or by such other reasonable system of estimating aggregate damages as the court in its discretion may permit without the necessity of separately proving the individual claim of, or amount of damage to, persons on whose behalf the suit was brought. 第四条 Ｄ 在依据第四条ｃ（ａ）（１）提起的任何诉讼中，要测定被告违反谢尔曼法，固定价格造成的损失，可通过统计的或抽样的方法累计计算，计算非法的过度收费，或采用法院在其自由裁量权内准许的、其它合理的估计累积损失的方法，不必单独证明个人请求的损失数量。 15 U.S.C. §15e: Distribution of damages Monetary relief recovered in an action under section 15c(a) (1) of this title shall—be distributed in such manner as the district court in its discretion may authorize; orbe deemed a civil penalty by the court and deposited with the State as general revenues; subject in either case to the requirement that any distribution procedure adopted afford each person a reasonable opportunity to secure his appropriate portion of the net monetary relief. 第四条 Ｅ 依据第四条（ａ）（１）提起诉讼，获得的金钱救济 （１）按照区法院在其自由裁量权内授权的方式分配。或 （２）由法院推定为民事处罚，作为一般收入由州存储。 上述每种情况所采用的分配方式要使每人都有合理的机会，以确保其能获得净金钱救济额的适当部分。 15 U.S.C. §15f: Actions by Attorney General (a) Notification to State attorney general. Whenever the Attorney General of the United States has brought an action under the antitrust laws, and he has reason to believe that any State attorney general would be entitled to bring an action under this Act based substantially on the same alleged violation of the antitrust laws, he shall promptly give written notification thereof to such State attorney general. (b) Availability of files and other materials. To assist a State attorney general in evaluating the notice or in bringing any action under this Act, the Attorney General of the United States shall, upon request by such State attorney general, make available to him, to the extent permitted by law, any investigative files or other materials which are or may be relevant or material to the actual or potential cause of action under this Act. 第四条 Ｆ （ａ）无论何时，美国司法部长根据反托拉斯法提起诉讼，并有理由确信州司法长有权依据本法，实质上基于已宣布的违反托拉斯法行为提起诉讼时，要立即向州司法长发出书面通知。 （ｂ）为支持州司法长对通知进行评判或依据本法提起诉讼，美国司法部长应州司法长的要求，在法律准许的范围内，提供同该诉讼实际或潜在诉因相关或对其关系重大的调查性文件及其它材料。 15 U.S.C. §15g: Definitions For the purposes of sections 15c, 15d, 15e, and 15f of this title: The term "State attorney general" means the chief legal officer of a State, or any other person authorized by State law to bring actions under section 15c of this title, and includes the Corporation Counsel of the District of Columbia, except that such term does not include any person employed or retained on—a contingency fee based on a percentage of the monetary relief awarded under this section; or any other contingency fee basis, unless the amount of the award of a reasonable attorneys fee to a prevailing plaintiff is determined by the court under section 15c(d) (1) of this title. The term "State" means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any other territory or possession of the United States. (3) The term "natural persons" does not include proprietorships or partnerships. 第四条 Ｇ 本法第四条Ｃ、第四条Ｄ、第四条Ｅ及第四条Ｆ中涉及的 （１）“州司法长”是指州的法律事务主要首长，或由州法授予依据本法第四条Ｃ提起诉讼的其他人，包括哥伦比亚区的公司顾问，下列人员不包括在内： （Ａ）用根据本节获得的金钱救济比例确定的胜诉酬金所雇佣、聘请的人。 （Ｂ）除去由法院根据第四条Ｃ（ｄ）（１）决定的，对明显占优势原告的合理律师费外，根据其它胜诉酬金所雇佣或聘请的人。 （２）“州”是指美国各州、哥伦比亚区、波多黎各公共福利区、美国的准州及属地。 （３）“自然人”并不包括所有权和合伙关系。 15 U.S.C. §15h: Applicability of parens patriae actions Sections 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, and 15g of this title shall apply in any State, unless such State provides by law for its nonapplicability in such State. 第四条Ｈ 除非州法规定了该法在其州的不适用外，本法第四条Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ和Ｇ适用任何州。 15 U.S.C. §16 (Tunney Act): Judgments (a) Prima facie evidence; collateral estoppel. A final judgment or decree heretofore or hereafter rendered in any civil or criminal proceeding brought by or on behalf of the United States under the antitrust laws to the effect that a defendant has violated said laws shall be prima facie evidence against such defendant in any action or proceeding brought by any other party against such defendant under said laws as to all matters respecting which said judgment or decree would be an estoppel as between the parties thereto: Provided, That this section shall not apply to consent judgments or decrees entered before any testimony has been taken. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to impose any limitation on the application of collateral estoppel, except that, in any action or proceeding brought under the antitrust laws, collateral estoppel effect shall not be given to any finding made by the Federal Trade Commission under the antitrust laws or under section 45 of this title which could give rise to a claim for relief under the antitrust laws. 第五条 （ａ）由美国或代表美国提起的民事、刑事诉讼中，做出的被告违反反托拉斯法的最终判决或禁令，是由其他个人对上述被告依据上述法律提起的诉讼中的最初证据。当事人间对上述判决或禁令的各方面不能翻供。 本节不适用在听取证言以前做出的一致判决或禁令。 除了在依据反托拉斯法提起的任何诉讼或程序中，间接翻供效果不能用于联邦贸易委员会依据反托拉斯法和联邦贸易委员会法第五条所做的可以提起依据反垄断法的救济请求的决定外，本节不能用于对间接翻供施加限制。 (b) Consent judgments and competitive impact statements; publication in Federal Register; availability of copies to the public. Any proposal for a consent judgment submitted by the United States for entry in any civil proceeding brought by or on behalf of the United States under the antitrust laws shall be filed with the district court before which such proceeding is pending and published by the United States in the Federal Register at least 60 days prior to the effective date of such judgment. Any written comments relating to such proposal and any responses by the United States thereto, shall also be filed with such district court and published by the United States in the Federal Register within such sixty-day period. Copies of such proposal and any other materials and documents which the United States considered determinative in formulating such proposal, shall also be made available to the public at the district court and in such other districts as the court may subsequently direct. Simultaneously with the filing of such proposal, unless otherwise instructed by the court, the United States shall file with the district court, publish in the Federal Register, and thereafter furnish to any person upon request, a competitive impact statement which shall recite—the nature and purpose of the proceeding; a description of the practices or events giving rise to the alleged violation of the antitrust laws; an explanation of the proposal for a consent judgment, including an explanation of any unusual circumstances giving rise to such proposal or any provision contained therein, relief to be obtained thereby, and the anticipated effects on competition of such relief; the remedies available to potential private plaintiffs damaged by the alleged violation in the event that such proposal for the consent judgment is entered in such proceeding; a description of the procedures available for modification of such proposal; and a description and evaluation of alternatives to such proposal actually considered by the United States. （ｂ）在由美国提起或代表美国提起的民事诉讼中，美国向民事诉讼参加者提出的一致判决建议，应当在该判决生效之日的６０天前，送至正在审理该案的区法院，并由美国在联邦注册簿上公布，任何对该建议的书面评论和美国对此评论做出的反应，也要送达区法院，由美国在该６０天内，在联邦注册簿上予以公布，该建议和其它材料以及美国认为对形成该建议有决定性作用的文件，应当在该区法院使公众得以利用，或在法院随后指定的其它区使公众能够利用。随着建议的送达，除非有法院的其它指示，美国将向区法院送达竞争性影响说明书，并在联邦注册簿上予以公布，并应任何人的要求，提供给竞争性影响说明书。 该说明书包括 （１）诉讼的性质、目的。 （２）导致宣布违犯反托拉斯法的事件及行为。 （３）对一致判决建议的解释，包括导致该建议的不同寻常事件的解释、内容所包括的法律条款，由此所获得的救济，以及该救济对竞争的预期性影响。 （４）对因一致判决建议中涉及的事件而遭受损害的潜在私人原告的有效救济。 （５）修正上述建议的有效程序说明。 （６）由美国实际考虑的、该建议的其他替代的评价和说明。 (c) Publication of summaries in newspapers. The United States shall also cause to be published, commencing at least 60 days prior to the effective date of the judgment described in subsection (b) of this section, for 7 days over a period of 2 weeks in newspapers of general circulation of the district in which the case has been filed, in the District of Columbia, and in such other districts as the court may direct—a summary of the terms of the proposal for the consent judgment, a summary of the competitive impact statement filed under subsection (b) of this section, and a list of the materials and documents under subsection (b) of this section which the United States shall make available for purposes of meaningful public comment, and the place where such materials and documents are available for public inspection. （ｃ）美国要至少在本节（ｂ）所述判决生效之日前的６０天内开始，在案件受理区、哥伦比亚区和法院指定的其它地区、在其普遍发行的报纸上，集中在两周的７天内登出。 对于（ｉ）一致判决建议的条件总结；（ｉｉ）依据本节（ｂ）提出的竞争性影响说明的总结；（ｉｉｉ）美国可以提供的使公众进行有目的的评论的本节（ｂ）项下的材料及文件的清单，以及公众能够对这些材料及文件进行有效查阅的地方。 (d) Consideration of public comments by Attorney General and publication of response. During the 60-day period as specified in subsection (b) of this section, and such additional time as the United States may request and the court may grant, the United States shall receive and consider any written comments relating to the proposal for the consent judgment submitted under subsection (b) of this section. The Attorney General or his designee shall establish procedures to carry out the provisions of this subsection, but such 60-day time period shall not be shortened except by order of the district court upon a showing that (1) extraordinary circumstances require such shortening and (2) such shortening is not adverse to the public interest. At the close of the period during which such comments may be received, the United States shall file with the district court and cause to be published in the Federal Register a response to such comments. （ｄ）在本节（ｂ）规定的６０天内及美国要求和法院准许的额外时间内，美国将接受和考虑任何以书面形式提出的，同本节（ｂ）规定的一致判决建议有关的评论。司法部长或其助理将确定执行本节规定的程序，但除了区法院依据（１）特别情形要求缩短时间；（２）该缩短同公众利益不矛盾外，６０天的期限不能缩短。在接受评论期间届满，美国将该评论送达区法院，并在联邦注册簿上公布政府对此评论的反映。 (e) Public interest determination. Before entering any consent judgment proposed by the United States under this section, the court shall determine that the entry of such judgment is in the public interest. For the purpose of such determination, the court may consider—the competitive impact of such judgment, including termination of alleged violations, provisions for enforcement and modification, duration or relief sought, anticipated effects of alternative remedies actually considered, and any other considerations bearing upon the adequacy of such judgment; the impact of entry of such judgment upon the public generally and individuals alleging specific injury from the violations set forth in the complaint including consideration of the public benefit, if any, to be derived from a determination of the issues at trial. （ｅ）在做出由美国依据本节提出的一致判决之前，法院要确定该判决的发出是为了公众的利益。在确定中，法院可考虑： （１）该判决的竞争性影响，包括宣布的违法行为的终止、执行和修正条款、寻求的救济和救济期间、实际考虑的替代性救济方法的预期效果、基于判决的适当性而做的其它考虑。 （２）作出该判决对公众的影响，对称因诉状中列明的违法行为而遭受损害的个人的影响，包括对通过庭审对争议作出决定而取得的公众利益（如有）的考虑。 (f) Procedure for public interest determination. In making its determination under subsection (e) of this section, the court may—take testimony of Government officials or experts or such other expert witnesses, upon motion of any party or participant or upon its own motion, as the court may deem appropriate; appoint a special master and such outside consultants or expert witnesses as the court may deem appropriate; and request and obtain the views, evaluations, or advice of any individual, group or agency of government with respect to any aspects of the proposed judgment or the effect of such judgment, in such manner as the court deems appropriate; authorize full or limited participation in proceedings before the court by interested persons or agencies, including appearance amicus curiae, intervention as a party pursuant to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, examination of witnesses or documentary materials, or participation in any other manner and extent which serves the public interest as the court may deem appropriate; review any comments including any objections filed with the United States under subsection (d) of this section concerning the proposed judgment and the responses of the United States to such comments and objections; and take such other action in the public interest as the court may deem appropriate. （ｆ）在制作本节（ｅ）规定的决定中，法院可以 （１）应当事人、参加者及法院的要求，法院如果认为合适，可获取政府官员，专家及其他证人的证词。 （２）法院认为合适，指定一专门负责人或专家和法院外的顾问，按照法院认定的适当方式、要求，获得任何人、集团、政府机构对上述判决及判决影响的各方面的观点评估及建议。 （３）授权利益相关的个人、机构全部或限制性地出席诉讼，包括协助法庭解释法律的人出庭，作为联邦民事程序规则规定的一方当事人的干预，文件材料的检查，或由法院认定的以其它方式和内容参加的诉讼。 （４）复审评论，包括对上述判决的目的，以及美国对该评论和目的反应。 （５）为了公众利益提起由法院认为合适的其它诉讼。 (g) Filing of written or oral communications with the district court. Not later than 10 days following the date of the filing of any proposal for a consent judgment under subsection (b) of this section, each defendant shall file with the district court a description of any and all written or oral communications by or on behalf of such defendant, including any and all written or oral communications on behalf of such defendant, or other person, with any officer or employee of the United States concerning or relevant to such proposal, except that any such communications made by counsel of record alone with the Attorney General or the employees of the Department of Justice alone shall be excluded from the requirements of this subsection. Prior to the entry of any consent judgment pursuant to the antitrust laws, each defendant shall certify to the district court that the requirements of this subsection have been complied with and that such filing is a true and complete description of such communications known to the defendant or which the defendant reasonably should have known. （ｇ）不迟于作出一致判决建议提出后１０天内，每一被告要向区法院提供其本人或代表本人，同与该建议有关或负责该建议的美国官员及职员的通信说明（包括口头交换意见说明），但对由书记员同司法部长及司法部职员的通信除外。在一致判决作出之前，每一被告要向区法院证明该说明已编成，而且是被告已知或应该知道的通信的完全真实的说明。 (h) Inadmissibility as evidence of proceedings before the district court and the competitive impact statement. Proceedings before the district court under subsections (e) and (f) of this section, and the competitive impact statement filed under subsection (b) of this section, shall not be admissible against any defendant in any action or proceeding brought by any other party against such defendant under the antitrust laws or by the United States under section 15a of this title nor constitute a basis for the introduction of the consent judgment as prima facie evidence against such defendant in any such action or proceeding. （ｈ）根据本节（ｅ）（ｆ）在区法院进行的诉讼和根据本节（ｂ）提出的竞争性影响说明，不能用来反对由任何其他当事人依据反托拉斯法提起的诉讼中、或由美国根据第四条Ａ提起的诉讼中的原告，也不能用作反对该被告的初步证据，形成一致判决产生的基础。 (i) Suspension of limitations. Whenever any civil or criminal proceeding is instituted by the United States to prevent, restrain, or punish violations of any of the antitrust laws, but not including an action under section 15a of this title, the running of the statute of limitations in respect of every private or State right of action arising under said laws and based in whole or in part on any matter complained of in said proceeding shall be suspended during the pendency thereof and for one year thereafter: Provided, however, That whenever the running of the statute of limitations in respect of a cause of action arising under section 15 or 15c of this title is suspended hereunder, any action to enforce such cause of action shall be forever barred unless commenced either within the period of suspension or within four years after the cause of action accrued. （ｉ）无论何时，美国提起防止、限制、惩罚违反反托拉斯法行为的民事、刑事诉讼，但不包括依据本法第四条Ａ提起的诉讼，在诉讼期间及其后一年，将中止限制性成文法对私人诉权、州诉权的运用，该诉权是基于上述反托拉斯法形成的，或部分上、全部地基于上述诉讼对象的各方面内容产生的。 但是，无论何时，在依据本法第四条或第四条Ｃ产生的诉因方面的限制性成文法，中止运用时，除非在中止期间或诉因产生后的４年内，任何要求执行诉因的起诉将不予受理。 15 U.S.C. §17: Antitrust laws not applicable to labor organizations The labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce. Nothing contained in the antitrust laws shall be construed to forbid the existence and operation of labor, agricultural, or horticultural organizations, instituted for the purposes of mutual help, and not having capital stock or conducted for profit, or to forbid or restrain individual members of such organizations from lawfully carrying out the legitimate objects thereof; nor shall such organizations, or the members thereof, be held or construed to be illegal combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws. 第六条 人的劳动不是商品或商业物品。反托拉斯法不限制那些为了互助、没有资本、不盈利的劳动组织、农业组织、园艺组织的存在和活动，也不限制或禁止其成员合法地实现该组织的合法目的。依据反托拉斯法，这些组织或成员，不是限制贸易的非法联合或共谋。 15 U.S.C. §18: Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another No person engaged in commerce or in any activity affecting commerce shall acquire, directly or indirectly, the whole or any part of the stock or other share capital and no person subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission shall acquire the whole or any part of the assets of another person engaged also in commerce or in any activity affecting commerce, where in any line of commerce or in any activity affecting commerce in any section of the country, the effect of such acquisition may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly. No person shall acquire, directly or indirectly, the whole or any part of the stock or other share capital and no person subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission shall acquire the whole or any part of the assets of one or more persons engaged in commerce or in any activity affecting commerce, where in any line of commerce or in any activity affecting commerce in any section of the country, the effect of such acquisition, of such stocks or assets, or of the use of such stock by the voting or granting of proxies or otherwise, may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly. This section shall not apply to persons purchasing such stock solely for investment and not using the same by voting or otherwise to bring about, or in attempting to bring about, the substantial lessening of competition. Nor shall anything contained in this section prevent a corporation engaged in commerce or in any activity affecting commerce from causing the formation of subsidiary corporations for the actual carrying on of their immediate lawful business, or the natural and legitimate branches or extensions thereof, or from owning and holding all or a part of the stock of such subsidiary corporations, when the effect of such formation is not to substantially lessen competition. Nor shall anything herein contained be construed to prohibit any common carrier subject to the laws to regulate commerce from aiding in the construction of branches or short lines so located as to become feeders to the main line of the company so aiding in such construction or from acquiring or owning all or any part of the stock of such branch lines, nor to prevent any such common carrier from acquiring and owning all or any part of the stock of a branch or short line constructed by an independent company where there is no substantial competition between the company owning the branch line so constructed and the company owning the main line acquiring the property or an interest therein, nor to prevent such common carrier from extending any of its lines through the medium of the acquisition of stock or otherwise of any other common carrier where there is no substantial competition between the company extending its lines and the company whose stock, property, or an interest therein is so acquired. Nothing contained in this section shall be held to affect or impair any right heretofore legally acquired: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be held or construed to authorize or make lawful anything heretofore prohibited or made illegal by the antitrust laws, nor to exempt any person from the penal provisions thereof or the civil remedies therein provided. Nothing contained in this section shall apply to transactions duly consummated pursuant to authority given by the Secretary of Transportation, Federal Power Commission, Surface Transportation Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission in the exercise of its jurisdiction under section 79j of this title, the United States Maritime Commission, or the Secretary of Agriculture under any statutory provision vesting such power in such Commission, Board, or Secretary. 第七条 从事商业或从事影响商业活动的任何人，不能直接间接取得其他从事商业或影响商业活动的人的全部或部分股票或其它资本份额。联邦贸易委员会管辖权下的任何人，不能取得其他从事商业或影响商业活动的人的全部或一部分资产，如果在该国任何商业领域或影响任何部门商业的活动中，该取得实质上减少竞争或旨在形成垄断。 如果股票、资产的取得，或通过投票或代理权的准许或其他方式而取得股票使用权，实质上减少竞争或旨在形成垄断，则任何人不得直接或间接地占有其他从事商业或影响商业活动的人（一人或一人以上）的股票或资本份额。联邦贸易委员会管辖权下的任何人，不能直接或间接地占有其他从事商业或影响商业活动的一人或数人的资产。 对于仅为了投资购买股票，而不是通过投票或其它方式使用该股票造成或企图造成竞争的实质性减少，本节不予适用。 如果从事商业或影响商业活动的公司，为了实际上，实现其合法经营组建子公司，或其自然的合法的分支机构，或予以扩大规模；或拥有子公司资产的一部或全部，其组建结果未在实质上减少竞争，本节将不予限制。 本节不禁止受管理商业法律控制的公共运输商资助建立作为公司主要干线的支线的分支或短线，也不禁止其拥有该分支或短线的部分或全部股票。 如果拥有主线的公司和拥有分支、短线的独立公司之间，不存在实质性竞争，本节不限制公共运输商取得或拥有由独立公司建立的分支或短线的部分或全部股票。 如果扩大其运输线的公司和其股票、财产、利息被取得的公司之间，不存在实质性竞争，公共运输商可通过对另一公共运输商股票及其它资产的取得，扩大其运输线。 本节不影响或侵害依法获取的权利。本节不能用来将从前由反托拉斯法禁止或定为非法的变为合法，也不能使任何人免于反托拉斯法的处罚或获得民事救济。 对于基于下列委员会（局）授权完成的交易，本节不适用：交通部部长、联邦电力委员会、地面交通委员会、证券交易委员会依据《１９３５年公共设施控股公司法》第１０条在其管辖权内的授权、美国海运委员会、农业局根据任何对上述委员会、局等授权的成文法的规定。 15 U.S.C. §18a: Premerger notification and waiting period (a) Filing except as exempted pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, no person shall acquire, directly or indirectly, any voting securities or assets of any other person, unless both persons (or in the case of a tender offer, the acquiring person) file notification pursuant to rules under subsection (d) (1) of this section and the waiting period described in subsection (b) (1) of this section has expired, if—the acquiring person, or the person whose voting securities or assets are being acquired, is engaged in commerce or in any activity affecting commerce; any voting securities or assets of a person engaged in manufacturing which has annual net sales or total assets of $10,000,000 or more are being acquired by any person which has total assets or annual net sales of $100,000,000 or more; any voting securities or assets of a person not engaged in manufacturing which has total assets of $10,000,000 or more are being acquired by any person which has total assets or annual net sales of $100,000,000 or more; or any voting securities or assets of a person with annual net sales or total assets of $100,000,000 or more are being acquired by any person with total assets or annual net sales of $10,000,000 or more; and as a result of such acquisition, the acquiring person would hold—15 per centum or more of the voting securities or assets of the acquired person, or an aggregate total amount of the voting securities and assets of the acquired person in excess of $15,000,000. In the case of a tender offer, the person whose voting securities are sought to be acquired by a person required to file notification under this subsection shall file notification pursuant to rules under subsection (d) of this section. 第七条Ａ （ａ）除本节（ｃ）规定的豁免外，任何人除双方(若是招标则取得方)依据本节（ｄ）（１）规定的准则提出说明并且本节（ｂ）（１）规定的等待期已过外，下述情形下不得直接或间接地取得其他人的投票权证券或资产，如果（１）取得人或投票权证券、资产被取得的人是从事商业或从事影响商业的活动。（２）（Ａ）拥有总资产或年净销售额１亿美元以上的人，取得另一家年净销售额或总资产１千万美元以上的制造业公司的投票权证券或资产；（２）（Ｂ）拥有总资产或年净销售额１亿美元以上的人，取得另一家总资产１千万美元以上的非制造业公司的投票或证券或资产。（２）（Ｃ）拥有总资产或年净销售额１千万美元以上的人，取得另一家总资产或年净销售额１亿美元以上的人的投票权证券或资产。（３）由于上述取得，取得方将拥有（Ａ）被占有人的１５％以上的投票权证券或资产。 或 （Ｂ）被取得人累积的投票权证券或资产总额超过一千五百万美元。 在招标中，一人的投票权证券被依据本款需提出说明的人取得，被取得方应根据本节（１）提出说明。 (b) Waiting period; publication; voting securities. The waiting period required under subsection (a) of this section shall—begin on the date of the receipt by the Federal Trade Commission and the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (hereinafter referred to in this section as the "Assistant Attorney General") of—i. the completed notification required under subsection (a) of this section, or; ii. if such notification is not completed, the notification to the extent completed and a statement of the reasons for such noncompliance, from both persons, or, in the case of a tender offer, the acquiring person; and end on the thirtieth day after the date of such receipt (or in the case of a cash tender offer, the fifteenth day), or on such later date as may be set under subsection (e) (2) or (g) (2) of this section. The Federal Trade Commission and the Assistant Attorney General may, in individual cases, terminate the waiting period specified in paragraph (1) and allow any person to proceed with any acquisition subject to this section, and promptly shall cause to be published in the Federal Register a notice that neither intends to take any action within such period with respect to such acquisition. (3) As used in this section-- The term "voting securities" means any securities which at present or upon conversion entitle the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of the issuer or, with respect to unincorporated issuers, persons exercising similar functions. The amount or percentage of voting securities or assets of a person which are acquired or held by another person shall be determined by aggregating the amount or percentage of such voting securities or assets held or acquired by such other person and each affiliate thereof. （ｂ）（１）本节（ａ）规定的等待期 （Ａ）从联邦贸易委员会和负责司法部反托拉斯处的司法部长助理（本节以下称“司法部长助理”）收到双方（ｉ）根据本节（ａ）已完成的说明开始；（ｉｉ）如果该说明没有完成，从收到完成的程度和未完成的原因的说明时开始。如果是招标，从收到受购人的上述说明开始。 （Ｂ）在收到上述说明后的30天（现金招标情形，为１５天）结束，或根据本节（ｅ）（２）或（ｇ）（２）确定的更迟日期。 （２）在个案中，联邦贸易委员会和司法部长助理可以终止本节（ｂ）（１）规定的等待期。准许任何人在本节的约束下进行任何取得，并迅速地在联邦注册簿上发布通知：指明两方均不准备对上述取得在上述期间内采取任何行动。 （３）本节所用的 （Ａ）“投票权证券”是指在目前或将来转换后，赋予证券所有人、持有人，有权选举发行者的董事，或在非公司发行者的情况下具有相同职能的人。 （Ｂ）根据取得人和每个分支机构所取得他人资产或投票权证券的累计数量、比例，来确定其取得量。 (c) Exempt transactions. The following classes of transactions are exempt from the requirements of this section-- acquisitions of goods or realty transferred in the ordinary course of business; acquisitions of bonds, mortgages, deeds of trust, or other obligations which are not voting securities; acquisitions of voting securities of an issuer at least 50 per centum of the voting securities of which are owned by the acquiring person prior to such acquisition; transfers to or from a Federal agency or a State or political subdivision thereof; transactions specifically exempted from the antitrust laws by Federal statute; transactions specifically exempted from the antitrust laws by Federal statute if approved by a Federal agency, if copies of all information and documentary material filed with such agency are contemporaneously filed with the Federal Trade Commission and the Assistant Attorney General; transactions which require agency approval under section 1467a(e) of Title 12, section 1828(c) of Title 12, or section 1842 of Title 12; transactions which require agency approval under section 1843 of Title 12 or section 1464 of Title 12, if copies of all information and documentary material filed with any such agency are contemporaneously filed with the Federal Trade Commission and the Assistant Attorney General at least 30 days prior to consummation of the proposed transaction; acquisitions, solely for the purpose of investment, of voting securities, if, as a result of such acquisition, the securities acquired or held do not exceed 10 per centum of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer; acquisitions of voting securities, if, as a result of such acquisition, the voting securities acquired do not increase, directly or indirectly, the acquiring persons per centum share of outstanding voting securities of the issuer; acquisitions, solely for the purpose of investment, by any bank, banking association, trust company, investment company, or insurance company, of (A) voting securities pursuant to a plan of reorganization or dissolution; or (B) assets in the ordinary course of its business; and such other acquisitions, transfers, or transactions, as may be exempted under subsection (d) (2) (B) of this section. （Ｃ）本节不适用下列交易。 （１）通过一般商业渠道交易取得不动产及货物。 （２）债券、抵押权、信托契约或其它不是投票权证券的取得。 （３）对发行人投票权证券的取得，在取得之前，至少该投票权证券的５0％由取得人所有。 （４）从联邦机构、或州及其政治性分支机构转进转出的转让交易。 （５）联邦成文法规定的免于反托拉斯法的交易。 （６）联邦成文法规定的如经联邦机构批准、如提供给该机构的所有信息，文件性资料，同时地提交联邦贸易委员会和司法部长助理，就免于反托拉斯法的交易。 （７）联邦储备保险法第１８条Ｃ规定的机构所要求的交易，或１９３５年银行控股法规定的机构所批准的交易。 （８）经下列机构批准的交易，提供给上述机构的所有信息和文件性证据，副本要同时在上述交易完成前的３０天送交联邦贸易委员会和司法部长助理。１９５６年银行控股法第４节；全国住宅法第４０３节或４０８节（ｅ），或１９３３年住宅所有者贷款法案第５节规定的机构。 （９）仅为了投资而取得投资权证券，取得的结果并未使所拥有或持有的证券超过发行者在外发行投票权证券的１０％。 （１０）投票权证券取得的结果，并不直接或间接地增加取得人占发行者投票权证券数额的百分比的交易。 （１１）仅仅为了投资，由银行、银行协会、信托公司、投资公司或保险公司（Ａ）依据重组或解散计划取得的投票权证券；（Ｂ）按照其一般商业渠道取得的资产。 （１２）依据本节（ｄ）（２）（Ｂ）豁免的其它取得、转让，或交易。 (d) Commission rules. The Federal Trade Commission, with the concurrence of the Assistant Attorney General and by rule in accordance with section 553 of Title 5, consistent with the purposes of this section—shall require that the notification required under subsection (a) of this section be in such form and contain such documentary material and information relevant to a proposed acquisition as is necessary and appropriate to enable the Federal Trade Commission and the Assistant Attorney General to determine whether such acquisition may, if consummated, violate the antitrust laws; and may—define the terms used in this section; exempt, from the requirements of this section, classes of persons, acquisitions, transfers, or transactions which are not likely to violate the antitrust laws; and prescribe such other rules as may be necessary and appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section. （ｄ）联邦贸易委员会，经司法部长助理同意和依据《美国法典》第五篇第５５３节确定的原则，为实施本节 （１）为了使联邦贸易委员会和司法部长助理能够决定，上述取得是否违反反托拉斯法，联邦贸易委员会应规定依据本节（ａ）提出的说明的形式、内容，同上述取得相关的文件性材料及信息。 （２）可以： （Ａ）决定使用的术语的含义。 （Ｂ）使那些不可能违反反托拉斯法的交易、转让、取得及个人免于本节的管辖。 （Ｃ）为实现本节的目地，制定必需的和适宜的规则。 (e) Additional information; waiting period extensions. The Federal Trade Commission or the Assistant Attorney General may, prior to the expiration of the 30-day waiting period (or in the case of a cash tender offer, the 15-day waiting period) specified in subsection (b) (1) of this section, require the submission of additional information or documentary material relevant to the proposed acquisition, from a person required to file notification with respect to such acquisition under subsection (a) of this section prior to the expiration of the waiting period specified in subsection (b) (1) of this section, or from any officer, director, partner, agent, or employee of such person. The Federal Trade Commission or the Assistant Attorney General, in its or his discretion, may extend the 30-day waiting period (or in the case of a cash tender offer, the 15-day waiting period) specified in subsection (b) (1) of this section for an additional period of not more than 20 days (or in the case of a cash tender offer, 10 days) after the date on which the Federal Trade Commission or the Assistant Attorney General, as the case may be, receives from any person to whom a request is made under paragraph (1), or in the case of tender offers, the acquiring person, (A) all the information and documentary material required to be submitted pursuant to such a request, or (B) if such request is not fully complied with, the information and documentary material submitted and a statement of the reasons for such noncompliance. Such additional period may be further extended only by the United States district court, upon an application by the Federal Trade Commission or the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to subsection (g) (2) of this section. （ｅ）（１）联邦贸易委员会或司法部长助理，在本节（ｂ）（１）规定的３０天等待期（现金招标是１５天的等待期）结束之前，可要求被要求就本节（ａ）的取得提出说明的人，或该人的管理人员、董事、合伙人、代理人、雇员，在本节（ｂ）（１）规定的等待期结束之前提供同上述取得相关的其它信息和文件性材料。 （２）联邦贸易委员会和司法部长助理，在其自由裁量权内，在收到根据上段被要求的人（现金招标中、取得人） （Ａ）根据该要求提供的所有的被要求信息及文件性材料。 （Ｂ）如果所要提供的信息和材料没有编完，收到提供的信息、文件性材料及未完成的原因说明。 可以将本节（ｂ）（１）规定的３０天等待期（现金招标是１５天的等待期）予以增加，但不应超过２０天（现金招标中，不超过１０天）。联邦贸易委员会或司法部长助理依据本节（ｇ）（２）请求，该期限经美国区法院批准可进一步增加。 (f) Preliminary injunctions; hearings. If a proceeding is instituted or an action is filed by the Federal Trade Commission, alleging that a proposed acquisition violates section 18 of this title, or section 45 of this title, or an action is filed by the United States, alleging that a proposed acquisition violates such section 18 of this title, or section 1 or 2 of this title, and the Federal Trade Commission or the Assistant Attorney General (1) files a motion for a preliminary injunction against consummation of such acquisition pendente lite, and (2) certifies the United States district court for the judicial district within which the respondent resides or carries on business, or in which the action is brought, that it or he believes that the public interest requires relief pendente lite pursuant to this subsection, then upon the filin |