Article 102. Whoever colludes with foreign states in plotting to harm the motherland's sovereignty, territorial integrity and security is to be sentenced to life imprisonment or not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever commits the crimes in the preceding paragraph in collusion with institutions, organization, or individuals outside the country shall be punished according to the stipulations in the preceding paragraph.

Article 103. Whoever organizes, plots, or acts to split the country or undermine national unification, the ringleader, or the one whose crime is grave, is to be sentenced to life imprisonment or not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment; other active participants are to be sentenced to not less than three but not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; and other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.

Whoever instigates to split the country and undermine national unification is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; ringleaders or those whose crimes are grave are to be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 104. Whoever organizes, plots, or carries out armed rebellion, or armed riots, the ringleaders, or those who crimes are grave, are to be sentenced to life imprisonment, or not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; the active participants are to be sentenced from not less than three to not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; and other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.

Whoever instigates, coerces, lures, and bribes state personnel, members of the armed forces, people's police or people's militia to carry out armed rebellion or armed riot are to be heavily punished according to the stipulations in the preceding paragraph.

Article 105. Whoever organizes, plots, or acts to subvert the political power of the state and overthrow the socialist system, the ringleaders or those whose crimes are grave are to be sentenced to life imprisonment, or not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; active participants are to be sentenced from not less than three years to not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; other participants are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights.

Whoever instigates the subversion of the political power of the state and

overthrow the socialist system through spreading rumors, slandering, or other ways are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; the ringleaders and those whose crimes are grave are to be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 106. Whoever colludes with institutions, organizations, or individuals outside the country and commits crimes stipulated in Articles 103, 104, and 105 of this chapter are to be heavily punished according to the stipulations in the articles.

Article 107. When institutions, organizations, or individuals inside or outside the country provide financial support for organizations or individuals in the country to commit the crimes stipulated in Articles 102, 103, 104, and 105, their direct persons in charge are to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; and if the case is serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 108. Whoever defects to the enemy and turns traitor is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are serious or when it is a case of leading a group of armed personnel, people's police, or militia to defect to the enemy and turn traitor, the sentence is to be not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment.

Article 109. If a state organ personnel, during the time of performing his public functions, leave his post without authorization and defects from the country; or if the defection takes place when he is already outside the country, thereby endangering the PRC's national security, he is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or deprivation of political rights; when the

circumstances are serious, he is to be sentenced to not less than five

years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

When a state personnel handling state secrets commits the crime in the

preceding paragraph, he is to be heavily punished according to the

stipulations in the preceding paragraph.

Article 110. Whoever commits any of the following acts of espionage and

endangers national security is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of

fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment; when the circumstances are

relatively minor, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not

more than ten years of fixed-termed imprisonment:

(1) Joining an espionage organization or accepting a mission assigned

by it or its agent; or

(2) Pointing out bombing or shelling targets to the enemy.

Article 111. Whoever steals, secretly gathers, purchases, or illegally

provides state secrets or intelligence for an organization, institution, or

personnel outside the country is to be sentenced from not less than five

years to not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when

circumstances are particularly serious, he is to be sentenced to not less

than 10 years of fixed- term imprisonment, or life sentence; and when

circumstances are relatively minor, he is to be sentenced to not more than

five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, control, or

deprivation of political rights.

Article 112. Whoever supplies arms and ammunition or other military

materials to an enemy during war time is to be sentence to not less than 10

years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment; and when the

circumstances are relatively minor, he will be sentenced a fixed-term

imprisonment from not less than three years to not more than 10 years.

Article 113. When one commits the aforementioned crimes in this chapter

that endanger national security -- except those stipulated in the second

clause of Article 103, and Articles 105, 107 and 109 -- and has incurred

particularly serious harms to the country and the people, and the

circumstances are particularly vile, he may be sentenced to death.

Whoever commits the crimes in this chapter may also be punished by having

his property confiscated.

Article 114. Whoever endangers public security by setting fires,

breaching dikes, causing explosions, administering poison; or employing

other dangerous means to sabotage factories, mines, oilfields, seaports,

rivers, water sources, warehouses, dwellings, forests, farms, threshing

grounds, ranches, important pipelines, public buildings, and other public

and private property is to be sentenced to not less than three years but

not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment in cases where serious

consequences have not been caused.

Whoever commits the crimes in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be

sentenced to not less than three years to not more than seven years of

fixed-term imprisonment; or not more than three years of fixed-term

imprisonment, or criminal detention, when circumstances are relatively

minor.

Article 116. Whoever sabotages trains, motor vehicles, streetcars, ships,

or airplanes in a manner sufficient to threaten the overturning or

destruction of these trains, motor vehicles, streetcars, ships, or airplanes is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, in cases when serious consequences have not been caused.

Article 117. Whoever sabotages railroads, bridges, tunnels, highways, airports, waterways, lighthouses or signs, or conducts other destructive activities in a manner sufficient to threaten the overturning or destruction of trains, motor vehicles, streets, ships or airplanes, is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment in cases where serious consequences have not been caused.

Article 118. Whoever endangers public security by sabotaging electric power, gas or other combustible or explosive equipment is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten yeas of fixed-term imprisonment in cases where serious consequences have not been caused.

Article 119. Whoever causes serious consequences by sabotaging means of transportation, transportation equipment, electric power or gas equipment, or combustible or explosive equipment is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death.

Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; or not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, or criminal detention if circumstances are relatively minor.

Article 120. Whoever organizes, leads, and actively participates in a terrorist organization is to be sentenced to not less than three years but

not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; other participants are

to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment,

criminal detention, or control.

Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph and also commits

murder, explosion, or kidnapping is to be punished according to the

regulations for punishing multiple crimes.

Article 121. Whoever hijacks an airplane through violence, coercion, or

other means is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term

imprisonment or life imprisonment; or death if the hijacking causes serious

injuries, death, or serious destruction of the airplane.

Article 122. Whoever hijacks a ship or motor vehicle through violence,

coercion, or other means is to be sentenced to not less than five years but

not more than 10 years of fixed-termed imprisonment; or not less than 10

years of fixed-term imprisonment, of life imprisonment, if the hijacking

causes serious consequences.

Article 123. Whoever uses violence on personnel on an in-flight airplane

and endangers flying safety is to be sentenced to not more than five years

of fixed-termed imprisonment or criminal detention in case no serious

consequences have been caused; or not less than five years of fixed-term

imprisonment if serious consequences have been caused.

Article 124. Whoever sabotages radio and television broadcasting

facilities, public telecommunications facilities, and endangers public

safety is to be sentenced to not less than three years but not more than

seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; or not less than seven years of

fixed-term imprisonment if serious consequences have been caused.

Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be

sentenced to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; or not

more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention in

case the circumstances are relatively minor.

Article 125. Whoever illegally manufactures, trades, transports, mails,

or stocks up guns, ammunition, or explosives is to be sentenced to not less

than three years but not more than 10 years of fixed-termed imprisonment;

or not less than 10 years of imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death if

the consequences are serious.

Whoever illegally trades or transports nuclear materials is to be punished

according to stipulations in the preceding paragraph.

If a unit commits the crime in the preceding two paragraphs, the unit will

be fined, and its direct person in charge and other persons in charge are

to be punished according to the regulations in the first paragraph.

Article 126. Any enterprises which are legally designated or determined

to manufacture or sell guns, violate the regulations governing gun

management by performing one of the following acts, the units are to be

fined and personnel who are in charge and directly responsible together

with other personnel who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to

not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the consequences

are serious, to not less than five years and not more than ten years of

fixed-term imprisonment ; when the consequences are particularly serious,

to not less than 10 years of fixed- term imprisonment or life imprisonment:

(1) for the purpose of illegal sale, manufacture or allocation guns

whose numbers exceed quotas or whose varieties do not meet the

regulations;

(2) for the purpose of illegal sale, manufacture guns without a

number, or with an overlapped number, or with a fake number;

(3) illegally sell guns or sell guns manufactured for export inside

the territory .

Article 127. Whoever steals, seizes guns, ammunition, and explosive

articles is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than

ten years of fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are serious,

to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment,

or death penalty.

Whoever steals guns, ammunition, explosive articles, or steals, seizes

guns, ammunition, explosive articles from the state's organs, military and

police personnel, people's militia is to be sentenced to not less than ten

years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death penalty.

Article 128. Whoever violates the regulations governing gun management by

owning or unlawfully possessing, guns and ammunition is to be sentenced to

not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention,

or control; when the circumstances are serious, to not less than three

years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Any personnel who are provided with official-use guns who illegally lease

or lend the guns are to be punished in accordance with the previous

paragraph.

Any personnel who are provided with official-use guns who illegally lease

or lend the guns, thereby causing serious consequences are to be punished

in accordance with the first paragraph.

Any units committing such crimes as stated in the second and third

paragraph, are to be fined and personnel who are in charge and directly

responsible are to be punished in accordance with the regulation of the

first paragraph.

Article 129. Any personnel who are provided with official-use guns who

lose the guns without reporting the loss in a timely fashion, thereby

causing serious consequences are to be sentenced to not more than three

years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

Article 130. Whoever illegally carries guns, ammunition, controlled

knives and tools, articles of an explosive, combustible, radioactive,

poisonous or corrosive nature into a public place or public transportation

vehicle, thereby endangering public safety, is to be sentenced, when the

circumstances are serious, to not more than three years of fixed-term

imprisonment, detention, or control when the circumstances are serious.

Article 131. Any aviation personnel who violate the rules and regulations

thereby causing major air accidents and serious consequences are to be

sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or

detention; when causing the crash of an airplane or the death of personnel

are to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven

years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 132. Any railway staff and workers who violate the rules and

regulations thereby giving rise to accidents affecting the safety of

railway operation are to be sentenced to not less than three years of

fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the consequences are

particularly serious, to not less than three years and not more than seven

years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 133. Whoever violates traffic and transportation laws and

regulations thereby giving rise to major accidents involving severe

injuries, deaths, or great losses of public and private properties are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment; when fleeing the scene after an traffic and transportation accident or under other particularly odious circumstances, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; when running away causes a person's death, to not less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 134. The staff and workers of factories, mines, forestry centers, construction enterprises or other enterprises and institutions who do not submit to management and violate the rules and regulations or force workers to work in a risky way in violation of the rules, thereby giving rise to major accidents involving injury or death and causing other serious consequences, are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are particularly odious, to not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 135. Any factories, mines, forestry centers, construction enterprises or other enterprises and institutions that have labor safety facilities failing to conform with the state's regulations and do not take measures to prevent hidden dangers after a request was made by relevant departments or the units' staff and workers, thereby giving rise to major accidents involving injury or death or other serious consequences, personnel who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the circumstances are particularly odious, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 136. Whoever violates the regulations on the control of articles of an explosive; combustible, radioactive, poisonous or corrosive nature, thereby giving rise to a major accident in the course of production, storage, transportation or use and causing serious consequences, is to be

sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or

criminal detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the

sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than seven years

of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 137. When construction, design, working, and engineering

supervision units violate the state's regulations by reducing the quality

standard of the projects, thereby giving rise to a major safety accident,

those who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to not more than

five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, in addition to

fine; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be

not less than five years and not more than ten years of fixed-term

imprisonment, in addition to fine.

Article 138. When school buildings or educational and teaching facilities

are obviously known to be dangerous but measures are not taken or reports

are not made in a timely fashion, thereby giving rise to a major accident,

those who are directly responsible are to be sentenced to not more than

three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the

consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than

three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 139. When rules of fire prevention and control are violated and

the notification, given by a supervision organ of fire prevention and

control, to take corrective measures are refused, thereby giving rise to

severe consequences, those who are directly responsible are to be sentenced

to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal

detention; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is

to be not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term

imprisonment.

Section 1. Crimes of Manufacturing and Selling Fake and Shoddy Goods

percent of the sale amount; when the sale amount is not less than two million yuan, is to be sentenced to 15 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.

Article 141. Whoever produces or sells fake medicines which are sufficiently able to seriously endanger human health is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing serious harm to human health, is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing death or particular harm to human health, is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death penalty and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.

The fake medicines referred to in this article mean those fake medicines as well as those medicines and non- medicines that fall into such a category as to be dealt with as fake medicines in accordance with the regulations of the "Law of the PRC Governing the Management of Pharmaceutical Products."

Article 142. Whoever produces, sells inferior medicines, thereby causing severe harm to human health is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment

and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and

not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.

The inferior medicines referred to in this article mean those inferior

pharmaceutical products that fall into the category of inferior medicines

in accordance with the regulations of the "Law of the PRC Governing the

Management of Pharmaceutical Products."

Article 143. Whoever produces, sells foods that do not conform with

hygienic standards which sufficiently gives rise to food poisoning

accidents or other severe food- originated diseases is to be sentenced to

not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition or

exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more

than 200 percent of the sale amount; when causing serious harm to human

health, the sentence is to be not less than three years and not more than

seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to

a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the

sale amount; when the circumstances are particularly serious, to be not

less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and

may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not

more than 200 percent of the sale amount or confiscation of property.

Article 144. Whoever produces, sells foods that are mixed with poisonous

or harmful non-food materials or knowingly sells such things is to be

sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or

criminal detention and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a

fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale

amount; when causing serious food poisoning accidents or other serious

food-originated diseases and giving rise to serious harm to human health,

the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than ten years

of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of

not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount;

when causing death or particularly harm to human health, is to be punished

in accordance with article 141 of the law.

Article 145. Whoever produces medical apparatus and instruments, and

clinic-use sanitary materials which do not conform with the standards of

the state and the trade aiming at protecting human health or knowingly

sells such things, thereby giving rise to serious harm to human health is

to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and

may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not

more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the consequences are

particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and

not more than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be

sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200

percent of the sale amount; when the circumstances are particularly odious,

the sentence is to be not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment or

life imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less

than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount or

confiscation of property.

Article 146. Whoever produces electrical appliances, pressure containers,

explosive and combustible products that do not conform with the standards

of the state and the trade aiming to protect the human safety and property

or other products that do not conform with such standards or knowingly

sells the above-mentioned products thereby giving rise to serious

consequences is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term

imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not less than 50

percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when the

consequences are particularly serious, the sentence is to be not less than

five years of fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a

fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale.

Article 147. Whoever produces fake insecticides, fake animal-use

medicines, fake chemical fertilizers or knowingly sells insecticides,

animal-use medicines, chemical fertilizers and seeds which are fake or are

no longer effective or any producer or seller who passes unqualified

insecticides, animal-use medicines, chemical fertilizers and seeds as

qualified ones, thereby giving rise to relatively large losses in

production is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term

imprisonment or criminal detention and may in addition or exclusively be

sentenced to a fine of not less than 50 percent and not more than 200

percent of the sale amount; when causing grave losses in production, is to

be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of

fixed-term imprisonment and may in addition be sentenced to a fine of not

less than 50 percent and not more than 200 percent of the sale amount; when

causing particularly grave losses in production, is to be sentenced to not

less than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment or

confiscation of property.

Article 148. Production of cosmetics that fails to meet hygienic

standards or knowingly selling such cosmetics that cause serious

consequences shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of

less than three years, and a fine of over 50 percent but less than 100

percent of the sales amount.

Article 149. The production and selling of products prescribed under

Articles 141 to 148 of this Section that does not constitute an offense

under these articles but with sales amount exceeding 50,000 yuan, shall be

convicted and punished according to provisions under Article 140 of this

Section.

The production and selling of products prescribed under Articles 141 and

148 of this Section that constitutes an offense under these articles and

Article 140, shall be convicted and punished under provisions carrying a

heavier penalty.

Article 150. Units violating provisions between Articles 140 and 148 of

this Section shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in

charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished according to

provisions under the respective articles.

Section 2. Smuggling Offenses

Article 151. Smuggling arms, ammunitions, nuclear materials, or

counterfeit currency notes shall be sentenced to imprisonment of over seven

years, with a fine or forfeiture of property; for the less serious offenses

to imprisonment of more than three years but less than seven years, and

with fine.

Smuggling out of the country prohibited cultural relics, gold, silver, and

other precious metals and rare animals and their products shall be

sentenced to imprisonment of over five years with fine; for less serious

offenses to imprisonment of less than five years with fine.

Smuggling out of the country prohibited rare plants and their products

shall be sentenced to imprisonment of less than five years with fine; or a

fine alone; for serious cases, to imprisonment of over five years with

fine.

Offenses of an extraordinarily serious nature under Paragraphs 1 and 2

should be punished with life imprisonment or death, with forfeiture of

property.

Units violating provisions under this article shall be fined, with

personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being

punished under the respective paragraphs of this article.

Article 152. Smuggling obscene movies, video tapes, audio tapes,

pictures, books and journals, and other obscene articles for profit or

dissemination shall be punished with imprisonment of more than three years

but less than ten years with fine; for offenses of a serious nature to over

ten years of imprisonment or life imprisonment, with fine or forfeiture of

property; for offenses of a less serious nature to imprisonment or criminal

detention or restraint of less than three years, and with fine.

Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished

with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly

responsible personnel being punished under provisions of the preceding

paragraph.

Article 153. Smuggling goods and articles not mentioned in Articles 151,

152, and 347, as mentioned in Article 153, shall be respectively punished

according to the following provisions, depending on seriousness of the

offense:

(1) smuggling goods and articles carrying a tax of over 500,000 yuan shall be punished with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded taxes, or forfeiture of property. Offenses of an extraordinary serious nature shall be punished according to provisions under Paragraph 4 of Article 151 of this law.

(2) smuggling goods and articles carrying a tax over 150,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan shall be punished with imprisonment of over three years but less than 10 years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded taxes. Offenses of an extraordinarily serious nature shall be punished with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded taxes, or forfeiture of property.

(3) smuggling goods and articles carrying a tax over 50,000 yuan and less than 150,000 yuan shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine of over 100 percent and less than 500 percent of the evaded taxes.

Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being sentenced to imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years; and, for cases of a serious nature, to imprisonment of over three years and less than 10 years; and -- for cases of an extraordinary serious nature -- to imprisonment of over 10 years.

For smuggling cases not being detected for several occasions, fines should

be based on an accumulation of all evaded taxes of such goods and articles.

Article 154. The following smuggling cases that constitute an offense

under provisions of this section shall be convicted and sentenced according

to provisions under Article 153 of this law:

(1) without the approval of the Customs and before settling defaulted

taxes, sale for profit in China of bonded goods approved for import

for the purposes of processing, assembly, and compensated trade,

including raw and processed materials, parts, finished products, and

equipment; and

(2) without the approval of the Customs and before settling defaulted

taxes, sale for profits in China of goods and articles with reduced

import duties or tax exemption.

Article 155. The following acts shall be regarded as smuggling offenses

and punished according to the relevant provisions under this Section:

(1) those who illegally and directly buy from smugglers goods whose

import has been banned by the state, or buy directly from smugglers

other smuggled goods and articles in relatively large quantities;

(2) those who transport, buy, or sell, in inland seas or territorial

waters, goods whose import has been banned by the state; or transport,

buy, or sell goods whose import has been restricted by the state, in

relatively large quantity and without legal documentation; and

(3) those who ship solid wastes into the country without being

detected by the Customs.

Article 156. Whoever colludes with smugglers by supplying them with

loans, funds, accounts, invoices, proofs, or such conveniences as

transportation, safe- keeping, and mailing services, shall be regarded and

punished as smuggling accomplices.

Article 157. Whoever provides armed escort to smugglers shall be

seriously punished according to provisions under the first and fourth

paragraphs of Article 151 of this law.

Whoever resorts to violence and threatening measures while resisting

Customs detection shall be punished for smuggling and obstructing state

organ personnel from enforcing their lawful duties provided under Article

277 of this law, and shall be punished for all offenses committed.

Section 3. Offenses Against Company and Enterprise Management Order

Article 158. Using forged certifications to apply for company

registration or using other fraudulent means to falsely declare registered

capital with intent to deceive company registration departments, where the

registered capital so falsely declared is large in figures with serious

consequences or of a severe nature, shall be punished by imprisonment or

criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or a separately

imposed fine of over 1 percent but less than 5 percent of the falsely

declared registered capital.

Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished

with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly

responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment or criminal

detention of less than three years.

Article 159. Company promoters, shareholders who, in violation of

provisions under the Company law, fail to pay up with currency notes,

provide actual property, or transfer property rights; or falsely claim to

have paid up the capital; or withdraw their capital upon registration of

company, where the amount involved is large with serious consequences or of

a serious nature, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention

of less than five years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 2

percent but less than 10 percent of the amount of capital so falsely

claimed to have been paid up or so withdrawn.

Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished

with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly

responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment or criminal

detention of less than five years.

Article 160. Concealment of material facts or fabrication of major

fraudulent contents in share-soliciting prospectuses, share-subscription

applications, and bond solicitation by companies and enterprises for the

purpose of issuing shares or company or enterprise bonds shall, in cases

involving large amounts, with serious consequences, or of a serious nature,

be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five

years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 1 percent and less

than 5 percent of the illegally raised capital.

Article 161. Personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible

personnel of a company that presents false financial accounts or financial

accounts with concealment of material facts to its shareholders and members

of the public, that seriously hurt their interests, shall be punished with

imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or

a separately imposed fine of over 20,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan.

Article 162. Personnel directly in charge and other directly responsible

personnel of a company or an enterprise that, during its liquidation

process, conceal property or make false entries in its balance sheet or

asset list, or distribute company or enterprise assets before repaying

debts that seriously hurt the interests of creditors and other people,

shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five

years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 20,000 yuan but

less than 200,000 yuan.

Article 163. Enterprise work personnel who make use of their job

opportunity to demand property from others, or illegally receive others

property in exchange for benefits, shall, in cases involving relatively

large amounts, be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention for less

than five years; for cases involving a large amount, with imprisonment of

over five years, and may be subject to forfeiture of property.

Company and enterprise work personnel, who, in the course of economic

contacts, receive personal kick-backs and commissions in various forms in

violation of state rules, shall be punished according to provisions under

the preceding paragraph.

Personnel performing public duties in state-owned companies and

enterprises, and personnel assigned by state- owned companies and

enterprises to non-state-owned companies and enterprises for performance of

public duties found to be committing the acts mentioned in the two

preceding paragraphs, shall be convicted and punished according to

provisions under Articles 385 and 386 of this law.

Article 164. Offering property to company and enterprise work personnel

for improper benefits shall in cases involving relatively large amounts be

punished with imprisonment or criminal detention for less than three years,

for cases involving a large amount, with imprisonment of over three years

but less than 10 years, and with fine.

Units committing offenses under the preceding paragraph shall be punished

with a fine, with personnel directly in charge and other directly

responsible personnel being punished according to provisions of the

preceding paragraph.

A briber who confesses his bribery act before prosecution may receive a

lighter sentence or a waiver for punishment.

Article 165. Directors and managers of state-owned companies or

enterprises who, in order to gain illegal benefits, make use of their job

opportunity to conduct for themselves or others business similar to that

conducted by companies or enterprises to which they attach, shall, in cases

involving a large amount, be punished with imprisonment or criminal

detention for less than three years, with a fine or a separately imposed

fine, for cases involving extraordinarily large amounts, with imprisonment

of over three years but less than seven years, and with fine.

Article 166. Work personnel in state-owned companies, enterprises, or

institutions, who use their job opportunity to commit the following acts

that seriously hurt state interests, shall be punished with imprisonment or

criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or a separately

imposed fine; for cases that cause extraordinary huge losses to state

interests, with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven years,

and with fine:

(1) offering profitable business conducted by their own units to their

relatives and friends for operation;

(2) buying merchandise from units operated and managed by their

relatives and friends at a price apparently higher than market price

or selling merchandise to units operated and managed by their

relatives and friends at a price apparently lower than market price; or

(3) buying substandard merchandise from units operated and managed by

their relatives and friends.

Article 167. People directly in charge of state-owned companies,

enterprises, or institutions who are defrauded because of serious

irresponsibility during the process of signing or fulfilling contracts and

thus cause great damage to national interests shall be sentenced to not

more than three years in prison or criminal detention. If they cause

especially serious damage to national interests, they shall be sentenced to

not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison.

Article 168. People directly in charge of state-owned companies or

enterprises who cause their companies or enterprises to go bankrupt or

suffer serious losses through the practice of favoritism and thus cause

great damage to national interests shall be sentenced to not more than

three years in prison or criminal detention.

Article 169. People directly in charge of state-owned companies or

enterprises or higher competent departments who cause great damage to

national interests by practicing favoritism and converting state-owned

assets into low-value stocks or selling them at a low price shall be

sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention.

They shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than

seven years in prison if they cause especially serious damage to national

interests.

Section 4. The Crimes of Undermining the Order of Financial Management

Article 170. Whoever counterfeits money shall be sentenced to not less

than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or

she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000

yuan. In any of the following circumstances, he or she shall be sentenced

to not less than 10 years in prison, life imprisonment, or death. In

addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more

than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property confiscated:

(1) Where the individual concerned is the ringleader of a

money-counterfeiting ring;

(2) Where the amount of money involved is especially large;

(3) Other especially serious circumstances.

Article 171. Whoever sells or buys a substantial amount of counterfeit

money or transports it with the full knowledge that it is counterfeit shall

be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention.

In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not

more than 200,000 yuan. If the amount involved is large, he or she shall be

sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in

prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and

not more than 500,000 yuan. If the amount is especially huge, he or she

shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life

imprisonment. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000

yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property

confiscated.

Employees of banks or other financial institutions who buy counterfeit

money or take advantage of their positions to trade counterfeit money for

real currency shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more

than 10 years in prison. In addition, they shall be fined not less than

20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the amount involved is large

or if the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not less

than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment. In addition, they shall be

fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan or have

their property confiscated. If the circumstances are not so serious, they

shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal

detention.

They shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan

and not more than 100,000 yuan.

Whoever counterfeits money and sells or transports the counterfeit money

shall be convicted and given stiff punishment in accordance with the

provisions in Article 170 of this law.

Article 172. Whoever knowingly possesses or uses a substantial amount of

counterfeit money shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison

or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or

exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan. If

the amount involved is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than

three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she

shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If

the amount is especially large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less

than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property confiscated.

Article 173. Whoever alters a substantial amount of money shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan. If the amount is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.

Article 174. Whoever sets up a commercial bank or any other financial institution without the People's Bank of China's permission shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan.

Whoever forges, alters, or transfers the business licenses of commercial banks or other financial institutions shall be punished in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph.

Where the crimes mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs are committed by a unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be punished in accordance with the first paragraph.

Article 175. Whoever illegally obtains credit funds from a financial

institution and relends them to other people at a high interest rate with

the aim of making a profit shall be sentenced to not more than three years

in prison or criminal detention, if the amount of illegal proceeds is

substantial. In addition, he or she shall be fined a sum not less than 100

percent and not more than 500 percent as high as the amount of illegal

proceeds. If the amount involved is large, he or she shall be sentenced to

not less than three years and not more than seven years in prison. In

addition, he or she shall be fined a sum not less than 100 percent and not

more than 500 percent as high as the amount of illegal proceeds.

If the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is committed by a unit,

the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge

of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be sentenced to

not more than three years in prison or criminal detention.

Article 176. Whoever takes deposits from people illegally or in disguised

form and disrupts financial order shall be sentenced to not more than three

years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined,

additionally or exclusively, not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than

200,000 yuan. If the amount involved is large or if the circumstances are

otherwise serious, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than three

years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be

fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan.

If the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is committed by a unit,

the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge

of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be punished in

accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph.

Article 177. Whoever forges or alters financial bills in any of the

following ways shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or

criminal detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively,

not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the

circumstances are serious, he or she shall be sentenced to not less than

five years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he or she

shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan. If

the circumstances are especially serious, he or she shall be sentenced to

not less than 10 years in prison or life imprisonment. In addition, he or

she shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan

or have his or her property confiscated:

(1) Forging or altering bank drafts, cashier's checks, and checks;

(2) Forging or altering documents authorizing collection of payments,

remittance documents, certificates of deposit, and other

account-settlement documents;

(3) Forging or altering letters of credit or accompanying documents;

(4) Forging credit cards.

If the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph are committed by a unit,

the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge

of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be punished in

accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph.

Article 178. Whoever forges or alters treasury bonds or other negotiable

securities issued by the state involving a substantial amount of money

shall be sentenced to not more than three years in prison or criminal

detention. He or she shall be fined, additionally or exclusively, not less

than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan. If the amount is large, he

or she shall be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10

years in prison. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000

yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan. If the amount is especially large, he

or she shall be sentenced to not less than 10 years in prison or life

imprisonment. In addition, he or she shall be fined not less than 50,000

yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or have his or her property

confiscated.

Whoever forges or alters share certificates or company and enterprise bonds

involving a substantial amount of money shall be sentenced to not more than

three years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined,

additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than

100,000 yuan. If the amount is large, he or she shall be sentenced to not

less than three years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, he

or she shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000

yuan.

If the crimes mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs are committed by a

unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in

charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be

punished in accordance with the provisions in the preceding two paragraphs.

Article 179. Whoever issues shares or company and enterprise bonds

involving a large amount of money without the permission of relevant state

departments shall be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or

criminal detention if the consequences are serious or if the circumstances

are otherwise serious. He or she shall be fined, additionally or

exclusively, a sum not less than 1 percent and not more than 5 percent of

the illegally raised funds.

If the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is committed by a unit,

the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge

of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be sentenced to

not more than five years in prison or criminal detention.

Article 180. People who have inside information on securities trading,

illegally obtain inside information on securities trading, or buy or sell

securities or leak relevant information prior to the release of information

that could have a major effect on the issuance and trading of the

securities concerned or on the price of other securities shall be sentenced

to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention, provided the

circumstances are serious. They shall be fined, additionally or

exclusively, a sum not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent

as high as their illegal proceeds. If the circumstances are especially

serious, they shall be sentenced to not less than five years and not more

than 10 years in prison. In addition, they shall be fined a sum not less

than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent as high as their illegal

proceeds.

If the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph are committed by a unit,

the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge

of it or people who are directly responsible shall be sentenced to not more

than five years in prison or criminal detention.

The scope of inside information shall be defined by relevant provisions in

laws and administrative rules.

People with inside information shall be defined by relevant provisions in

laws and administrative rules.

Article 181. Whoever disrupts securities trading markets and causes

serious consequences by fabricating or disseminating false information that

could have an effect on securities trading shall be sentenced to not more

than five years in prison or criminal detention. He or she shall be fined,

additionally or exclusively, not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than

100,000 yuan.

Employees of securities exchanges, securities companies, securities

associations, or securities management departments shall be sentenced to

not more than five years in prison or criminal detention if they

intentionally provide false information; forge, alter, or destroy trading

records; or trick investors into buying or selling securities, giving rise

to serious consequences. They shall be fined, additionally or exclusively,

not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan. If the

circumstances are especially adverse, they shall be sentenced to not less

than five years and not more than 10 years in prison. In addition, they

shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.

If the crimes mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs are committed by a

unit, the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in

charge of it and other people who are directly responsible shall be

sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention.

Article 182. Whoever rigs securities trading prices and obtains

illegitimate benefits or shifts the risk in any of the following ways shall

be sentenced to not more than five years in prison or criminal detention,

provided the circumstances are serious. He or she shall be fined,

additionally or exclusively, a sum not less than 100 percent and not more

than 500 percent as high as his or her illegal proceeds:

(1) Taking advantage of one's financial strength, stock holdings, or

information to jointly or continuously sell or buy securities and rig

securities trading prices, either on one's own or by conspiring with

other people;

(2) Affecting securities trading prices or volume by conducting

securities transactions with each other or by buying or selling each

other's securities at a predetermined time and price and through a

predetermined method in collaboration with other people;

(3) Affecting securities trading prices or volume by taking oneself as

the only party to a transaction and buying from or selling to oneself

without transferring the right to own the securities;

(4) Rigging securities trading prices by other means.

If the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph are committed by a unit,

the unit in question shall be fined, and the individual directly in charge

of it or other people directly responsible shall be sentenced to not more

than five years in prison or criminal detention.

Article 183. Personnel of insurance companies who take advantage of their

office to intentionally make false claims on insured incidents which have

not occurred to defraud insurance indemnity are to be sentenced and

punished in accordance with the stipulations of Article 271 of this law.

Personnel of state-owned insurance companies and personnel delegated by

state-owned insurance companies to perform official duties in

non-state-owned insurance companies who commit an act mentioned in the

preceding paragraph are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the

stipulations in Article 382 and Article 383 of this law.

Article 184. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who ask

others for money or goods, or illegally accept money or goods from others

in activities of monetary business and seek benefits for others, or accept

rebate or service charges for themselves under various pretexts in

violation of state stipulations are to be sentenced and punished in

accordance with the stipulations of Article 163 of this law.

Personnel of state-owned monetary institutions and personnel delegated by

state-owned monetary institutions to perform official duties in

non-state-owned monetary institutions who commit an act mentioned in the

preceding paragraph are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the

stipulations in Article 385 and Article 386 of this law.

Article 185. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who take

advantage of their office to misappropriate funds of their respective

institutions or customers are to be sentenced and punished in accordance

with the stipulations of Article 272 of this law.

Personnel of state-owned monetary institutions and personnel delegated by

state-owned monetary institutions to perform official duties in

non-state-owned monetary institutions who commit an act mentioned in the

preceding paragraph are to be sentenced and punished in accordance with the

stipulations of Article 384 of this law.

Article 186. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who

violate the stipulations of laws and administrative regulations to grant

fiduciary loans to related people or to grant secured loans with conditions

better than those for granting similar loans to other borrowers, thus

causing relatively big losses, are to be sentenced to not more than five

years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and to a fine of

not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000 yuan; when the losses

are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of fixed-term

imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than

200,000 yuan.

Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who violate the

stipulations of laws and administrative regulations to grant loans to

people other than the related people, thus causing serious losses, are to

be sentenced to not more than five years of imprisonment or criminal

detention, and a fine not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100,000

yuan; when the losses are especially serious, the sentence is to be not

less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine not less than

20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan.

Institutions that commit a crime mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs

are to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible

for the crime and other personnel directly responsible for the crime are to

be punished in accordance with the stipulations in the preceding two

paragraphs.

The scope of related people is determined in accordance with "The Law of

Commercial Banks of the People's Republic of China" and other monetary laws

and regulations concerned.

Article 187. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who, with

the purpose of making profits, absorb customers' funds without entering an

item in their accounts, and illegally use such funds for calling or

granting loans, thus causing serious losses, are to be sentenced to not

more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and

to a fine not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; when

the losses are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than five

years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan

and not more than 500,000 yuan.

Institutions which commit a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph is

to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible for

the crime and other personnel directly responsible for the crime are to be

punished in accordance with the stipulations in the preceding paragraph.

Article 188. Personnel of banks or other monetary institutions who

violate stipulations to issue for others letters of credit, or other

letters of guarantee, bills, deposit receipts, and credit certificates,

thus causing relatively serious losses, are to be sentenced to not more

than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention; when the

losses are very serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years of

fixed-term imprisonment.

Institutions which commit a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph are

(1) providing funds accounts;

(2) assisting to turn money and goods into cash or financial

instruments;

(3) assisting to transfer funds through transferring accounts, or

other ways of settling accounts;

(4) assisting to remit funds abroad; and

(5) other ways to cover up and withhold what is illegally obtained

through committing crimes, and the nature and sources of such gains.

Institutions which commit a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph are

to be sentenced to a fine, and personnel in charge directly responsible for

the crime and other personnel directly responsible for the crime are to be

sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or

criminal detention.

Section 5. Crimes of Financial Fraud

Article 192. Whoever for the purpose of illegal possession illegally

raises funds by fraudulent means, if the amount is quite big, is to be

sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or

criminal detention, and to a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more

than 200,000 yuan; when the amount is enormous or other circumstances are

serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than

10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000

yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; when the amount is especially enormous

or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not

less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and a

fine not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or

confiscation of property.

Article 193. Whoever for the purpose of illegal possession commits any of

the following acts to defraud the banks or other monetary institutions of

loans, if the amount is quite big, is to be sentenced to not more than five

years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and a fine of not

less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; when the amount is

enormous or other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less

than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a

fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; when the

amount is especially enormous or other circumstances are especially

serious, the sentence is to be not less than 10 years of fixed-term

imprisonment or life imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan

and not more than 500,000 yuan, or confiscation of property:

(1) cooking up false reasons for importing funds or projects;

(2) using false economic contracts;

(3) using false certificates;

(4) using false property right certificates for guarantee or making

duplicate guarantee exceeding the value of the mortgaged goods; and

(5) defrauding loans by other means.

Article 194. Whoever commits any of the following acts to carry out

fraudulent activities with financial bills, if the amount is quite big, is

to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or

criminal detention, and to a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more

than 200,000 yuan; when the amount is enormous, or other circumstances are

serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than

10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000

yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; when the amount is especially enormous

or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not

less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and a

fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan, or

confiscation of property:

(1) knowingly using forged, altered drafts, cashier's checks, and

checks;

(2) knowingly using voided drafts, cashier's checks, checks;

(3) uttering other people's drafts, cashier's checks, checks;

(4) signing a dud check or a check with signature different from the

specimen one;

(5) issuing drafts or cashier's checks without guaranteed funds, or

making false records in issuing drafts or cashier's checks to defraud

money and goods.

Whoever uses forged and altered documents of authority for collection,

remittance documents, bank certificates of deposit, and other bank

documents of settlement is to be punished in accordance with the

stipulations of the preceding paragraph.

Article 195. Whoever uses one of the following ways for fraudulent

activities with letters of credit is to be sentenced to not more than five

years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and a find of not

less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; when the amount is

enormous or other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less

than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and

a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; when the amount is especially enormous or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan or confiscation of property:

(1) using forged or altered letters of credit or bills and documents attached;

(2) using voided letters of credit;

(3) obtaining letters of credit by fraud; and

(4) carrying out fraudulent activities with letters of credit in other ways.

Article 196. Whoever uses one of the following ways to carry out fraudulent activities with a credit card, if the amount is quite big, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan; if the amount is enormous or other circumstances are serious, the sentence is to be not less than five years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 500,000 yuan; if the amount is especially big, or other circumstances are especially serious, the sentence is to be not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and a fine not less than 50,000 and not more than 500,000 yuan, or confiscation of property:

(1) using a forged credit card;

(2) using a voided credit card;

(3) uttering other people's credit card; and

(4) overdrawing with evil intention.

The so-called overdrawing with evil intention mentioned in the preceding

paragraph means that the card holder, for the purpose of illegal

possession, overdraws exceeding the limit of overdrawn account or the time

limit, and refuses to return the money after the card-issuing bank demands

for the return.

Whoever steals a credit card and uses it is to be sentenced and punished in

accordance with the stipulations of Article 264 of this law.

Article 197. Whoever uses a relatively substantial amount of forged or

altered treasury bills or other negotiable securities issued by the state

to engage in fraudulent activities shall be sentenced to not more than five

years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention and be fined no more

than 200,000 yuan but no less than 20,000 yuan; when the amount is large

and other serious circumstances are involved, the sentence shall be no more

than 10 years but no less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and a

fine of no more than 500,000 yuan but no less than 50,000 yuan; and when

the amount is extraordinarily large and other especially serious

circumstances are involved, the sentence shall be life imprisonment or no

less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine of no more than

500,000 yuan but no less than 50,000 yuan, or confiscation of property.

Article 198. Fraudulent insurance activities falling under any one of the

following circumstances shall, for cases involving relatively large amounts

be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five

years, with a fine of over 10,000 yuan but less than 100,000 yuan; for

cases involving large amounts, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of

over five years but less than 10 years, with a fine of over 20,000 yuan but

less than 200,000 yuan; for cases involving extraordinarily large amounts,

or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years, with a fine of

over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of

property:

(1) policy holder intentionally fabricates insurance object to deceive

insurance money;

(2) policy holder, the insured, or the beneficiary fabricates false

causes to insurance incident or inflate the extent of loss to deceive

insurance money;

(3) policy holder, the insured, or the beneficiary fabricate

non-existing insurance incident to deceive insurance money;

(4) policy holder, the insured, or the beneficiary intentionally

create an insurance incident with property loss to deceive insurance

money; or

(5) policy holder or the beneficiary intentionally causes the death,

injury, or sickness of the insured to deceive insurance money.

Acts falling under preceding Paragraphs (4) and (5) which constitute other

crimes shall be punished for all offenses committed.

Units violating Paragraph (1) shall be punished with a fine, with personnel

directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished

with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; for cases

involving large amounts, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over

five years but less than 10 years; for cases involving extraordinarily

large amounts, with imprisonment of over five years but less than 10 years;

or, in cases involving an extraordinary large amount, or of a serious

nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years.

Appraisers, certifiers, and property valuers, who intentionally provide

false evidence to abet others to commit fraud, shall be punished as

insurance fraudulence accomplices.

Article 199. Offenders of Articles 192, 194, and 195 of this section that

cause extraordinarily heavy losses to the interests of the state and the

people shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death, with forfeiture of

property.

Article 200. Units committing offenses under Articles 192, 194, and 195

of this section shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in

charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished with

imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years; for cases

involving large amounts, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment over

five years and less than 10 years; for cases of extraordinary large amount,

or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years or life

imprisonment.

Section 6. Offenses Against Tax Collection and Management

Article 201. Tax payers found guilty of forging, altering, concealing, or

indiscriminately destroying accounts books, entry proofs, or making

unsubstantiated expenditures, or failing to enter or enter lower income

items, or failing to submit tax returns after being notified by the tax

authorities, or submitting a false return, or failing to pay taxes or pay

less, or evading taxes exceeding 10 percent but less than 30 percent of

payable taxes, or evading taxes again after two administrative sanctions

for tax evasion, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention

of less than three years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500

percent of the evaded tax amount; for cases with evaded tax amount

exceeding 30 percent of payable taxes, or exceeding 100,000 yuan, with

imprisonment of over three years but less than seven years, with a fine of

over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the evaded tax amount.

Withholding agents using the preceding means to refuse payment and full

payment of withheld or collected taxes, which are over 10 percent of

payable taxes or over 10,000 yuan, shall be punished in accordance with the

preceding paragraph.

Multiple commissions of the acts mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs

without detection shall be calculated on an accumulated basis.

Article 202. Using violence or threatening means to refuse payment of tax

shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than

three years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of

the amount of taxes so refused to pay; for cases of a serious nature, with

imprisonment of over three years but less than seven years, with a fine of

over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the amount of taxes so

refused to pay.

Article 203. Taxpayers who fail to settle payable taxes, or transfer or

conceal property resulting in tax organs being unable to recover the owed

taxes of over 10,000 yuan but less than 100,000 yuan, shall be punished

with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a

fine or a separately imposed fine of over 100 percent and less than 500

percent of the unsettled amount; if the amount in question exceeds 100,000

yuan, with imprisonment of over three years but less than seven years, with

a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the unsettled

amount.

Article 204. Using false export reports or other fraudulent means to defraud state export tax refunds involving a relatively large amount shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the defrauded tax refund; for cases involving large amounts or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over five years but less than 10 years, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the defrauded tax refund; for cases involving extraordinarily large amounts, or of a especially serious nature with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 100 percent but less than 500 percent of the defrauded tax refund, or with forfeiture of property.

Tax payers using the fraudulent means mentioned in preceding paragraph to deceptively reclaim their paid taxes shall be convicted and punished according to provisions of Article 201, with those who deceptively claim more than what they have paid, being punished according to provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 205. Falsely issuing exclusive value-added tax invoices or other invoices to defraud export tax refunds or to off set taxes shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine of over 20,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan; for cases involving relatively large amounts of falsely reported taxes, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years and less than 10 years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan; for cases involving large amounts of falsely reported taxes, or of a more serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of property.

Committing acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph to defraud state taxes shall, if the amount involved is extraordinarily large, and of a especially serious nature that causes particularly heavy losses to the state, be punished with life imprisonment or death, and with forfeiture of property.

Units committing offenses under this article shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge or other directly responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment of criminal detention of less than three years; for cases involving relatively large amounts of taxes, or with a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years but less than ten years; for cases involving large amounts of taxes, or of a especially serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment.

Falsely issuing exclusive value-added tax invoices or other invoices to defraud export tax refunds or to off set taxes refers to any false issuance intended for others or himself, or letting others falsely issue for him, or induce others to falsely issue.

Article 206. Forging or selling forged exclusive value- added tax invoices shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of or restriction for less than three years, with a fine of over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan; for cases involving relatively large quantities, or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years and less than 10 years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan; for cases involving large quantities or of a especially serious nature, with imprisonment of over ten years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of property.

Committing forgery and the sale of forged exclusive value-added invoices in extraordinarily large quantities or of a especially serious nature that severely disrupt economic order shall be punished with life imprisonment or death, with forfeiture of property.

Units committing offenses under this article shall be punished with a fine, with personnel directly in charge or other directly responsible personnel being punished with imprisonment or criminal detention, or restriction for less than three years; for cases involving relatively large quantities or of a serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years but less than 10 years; for cases involving large quantities or of a especially serious nature, with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment.

Article 207. Committing illegal sale of exclusive value-added tax invoices shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention, or restriction for less than three years, with a fine over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan.; for cases involving relatively large quantities, with imprisonment over three years but less than 10 years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan; for cases involving large quantity with imprisonment of over 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, or with forfeiture of property.

Article 208. Illegal purchase of exclusive value-added tax invoices or forged exclusive value-added tax invoices shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than five years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine of over 20,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan.

Falsely issuing or reselling illegally purchased exclusive value-added tax invoices or forged exclusive value-added tax invoices shall be convicted

and punished respectively under Articles 205, 206, and 207 of this law.

Article 209. Forging or manufacturing without authority or selling or

manufacturing without authority other invoices usable for defrauding export

tax refunds or offsetting taxes shall be punished with imprisonment or

criminal detention and restriction for less than three years, with a fine

of over 20,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan; for cases involving large

quantities, with imprisonment of over three years but less than seven

years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan; for

cases involving extraordinarily large quantities, with imprisonment of over

seven years, with a fine of over 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, or

with forfeiture of property.

Forging or manufacturing without authority or selling other invoices

manufactured without authority, which have not been mentioned in the

preceding paragraph, shall be punished with imprisonment or criminal

detention of, or restriction for less than two years, with a fine of over

10,000 yuan but less than 50,000 yuan; for cases of a serious nature, with

imprisonment of over two years and less than seven years, with a fine of

over 50,000 yuan and less than 500,000 yuan.

Illegal sale of other invoices usable for defrauding export tax refunds or

offsetting taxes shall be punished according to the first paragraph.

Illegal sale of other invoices not mentioned in the third paragraph shall

be punished according to the second paragraph.

Article 210. Theft of exclusive value-added tax invoices or other

invoices usable in defrauding export tax refunds or offsetting taxes, shall

be convicted and punished according to Article 264 of this law.

Obtaining by fraudulent means exclusive value-added tax invoices or other

invoices usable in defrauding export tax refunds or offsetting taxes shall

be convicted and punished according to Article 266 of this law.

Article 211. Units committing offenses under Articles 201, 203, 204, 207,

208, and 209 of this section shall be punished with fines, with personnel

directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel being punished

according to these articles, respectively.

Article 212 Fines and forfeitures of property imposed against offenders

convicted under Articles 201 through 205 of this section should not be

enforced until the tax authorities have recovered the taxes in question and

the export tax refunds so defrauded.

Section 7. Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights

Article 213. Using an identical trademark on the same merchandise without

permission of its registered owner shall, if the case is of a serious

nature, be punished with imprisonment or criminal detention of less than

three years, with a fine, or a separately imposed fine; for cases of a more

serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven

years, and with fine.

Article 214. Knowingly selling merchandise under a faked trademark with a

relatively large sales volume shall be punished with imprisonment or

criminal detention of less than three years, with a fine or a separately

imposed fine; in cases involving a large sales volume, with imprisonment of

more than three years but less than seven years, and with fine.

Article 215. Forging or manufacturing without authority or selling or

manufacturing without authority other's registered trademarks or

identifications shall, for cases of a serious nature, be punished with

imprisonment or criminal detention, or restriction for less than three

years, with a fine or a separately imposed fine; for cases of a especially

serious nature, with imprisonment of over three years and less than seven

years, and with fine.

Article 216. Whoever counterfeits other people's patents, and when the

circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years

of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or

exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

Article 217. Whoever, for the purpose of reaping profits, has committed

one of the following acts of copyright infringement and gains a fairly

large amount of illicit income, or when there are other serious

circumstances, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of

fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or

exclusively be sentenced to a fine; when the amount of the illicit income

is huge or when there are other particularly serious circumstances, he is

to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years

of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine:

(1) copy and distribute written, musical, movie, televised, and video

works; computer software; and other works without the permission of

their copyrighters;

(2) publish books whose copyrights are exclusively owned by others;

(3) duplicate and distribute audiovisual works without the permission

of their producers;

(4) produce and sell artistic works bearing fake signatures of others.

Article 218. Whoever, for the purpose of reaping profits, knowingly sells

the duplicate works described in Article 217 of this Law, and gains a huge

amount of illicit income, is to be sentenced to not more than three years

of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or

exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

Article 219. Whoever engages in one of the following activities which

encroaches upon commercial secrets and brings significant losses to persons

having the rights to the commercial secrets is to be sentenced to not more

than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in

addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; or is to be sentenced to

not less than three years and not more than seven years of fixed-term

imprisonment and a fine, if he causes particularly serious consequences:

(1) acquire a rightful owner's commercial secrets via theft, lure by

promise of gain, threat, or other improper means;

(2) disclose, use, or allow others to use a rightful owner's

commercial secrets which are acquired through the aforementioned

means;

(3) disclose, use, or allow others to use, in violation of the

agreement with the rightful owner or the rightful owner's request of

keeping the commercial secrets, the commercial secrets he is holding.

Whoever acquires, uses, or discloses other people's commercial secrets,

when he knows or should know that these commercial secrets are acquired

through the aforementioned means, is regarded as an encroachment upon

commercial secrets.

The commercial secrets referred to in this article are technical

information and operation information that are unknown to the public, can

bring economic profits to their rightful owners, are functional, and are

kept as secrets by their rightful owners.

The rightful owners referred to in this Article are owners of the commercial secrets and users who have the permission of the owners.

Article 220. When a unit commits the crimes stated in Article 213 through Article 219, it is to be sentenced to a fine; its directly responsible person in charge and other personnel of direct responsibility should be punished in accordance with the stipulations respectively stated in these Articles of this section.

Section 8. Crimes of Disrupting Market Order

Article 221. Whoever fabricates and spreads falsified information to impair other people's commercial reputation and commodity reputation, and causes significant losses to others or if there are other serious circumstances, is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

Article 222. Where, in violation of the state regulations, an advertisement owner, advertising agency, or advertisement carrier gives false publicity by taking the advantage of advertising a commodity or service, and when the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

Article 223. Where bidders submit tenders in collusion and harm the interests of persons inviting tenders or other bidders, and when the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to not more than three

years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition

or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

Where bidders and persons inviting tenders harm the legitimate interests of the state, collectives, and the public by colluding in the bidding, they are to be punished in accordance with the stipulations stated in the preceding paragraph.

Article 224. Whoever, for the purpose of illegal possession, uses one of the following means during signing or executing a contract to obtain property and goods of the opposite party by fraud, and when the amount of money is relatively large, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine; or be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine, if the amount of money is huge or there are other serious circumstances; or be sentenced to more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment and a fine or confiscation of property, if the amount of money is particularly huge or there are other particularly serious circumstances:

(1) sign a contract in the name of a made-up unit or under somebody else's name;

(2) use forged, altered, or invalid negotiable instruments or other false certificates of property rights as guaranties;

(3) fulfill small-amount contracts or partially fulfill the contract, instead of actually fulfilling the contract, to inveigle the opposite party into continuing to sign and fulfill the contract;

(4) go into hiding after receiving goods, payment, advance payment, or property as guaranty from the opposite party;

(5) defraud the opposite party's property through other means.

Article 225. Whoever, in violation of the state stipulations, has one of the following illegal business acts, which disrupts the market order and when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent of his illegal income and, where the circumstances are particularly serious, be sentenced to not less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine not less than 100 percent and

not more than 500 percent of his illegal income or the confiscation of his

property:

(1) engage in the monopoly business or monopolized commodities

stipulated in laws and administrative regulations, or other commodities whose purchase and sale are controlled, without permission;

(2) purchase and sell import-export licenses, certificates of origin, and operation permits or approved documents stipulated by other laws and administrative regulations;

(3) conduct other illegal business activities that seriously disrupt the market order.

Article 226. Whoever, by violence or coercion, forces others to purchase or sell commodities or provide or accept services is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine, if the circumstances are serious.

Article 227. Whoever forges or profiteers from forged train and ship tickets, stamps, or other valuable coupons, which involve a relatively large amount of money, is to be sentenced to not more than two years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention or control, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine not less than 100 percent and not more than 500 percent of the amount of the coupons; or, if a huge amount is involved, to not less then two years and not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment and a fine not less then 100 percent and not more than 500 percent of the amount of the coupons.

Whoever profiteers from train and ship tickets, when the circumstances are serious, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term

imprisonment, criminal detention or control, and may in addition or

exclusively be sentenced to a fine of not less than 100 percent and not

more than 500 percent of the amount of the coupons.

Article 228. Whoever, for the purpose of seeking personal gain, violates

the laws and regulations on land management by illegally transferring and

profiteering from land use rights and when the circumstances are serious,

is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment,

criminal detention, or may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a

fine of not less than five percent and not more than 20 percent of the

money gained from illegally transferring or profiteering from land use

rights or, when the circumstances are particularly serious, is to be

sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of

fixed-term imprisonment and a fine of not less than five percent and not

more than 20 percent of the money gained from illegally transferring or

profiteering from land use rights.

Article 229. Where a person of intermediary organizations, who is in

charge of asset assessment and examination, certificate examination,

accounting, auditing, legal services, and other duties, intentionally

provides false certificates, and when the circumstances are serious, he is

to be sentenced to not more than five years of fixed- term imprisonment or

criminal detention, and a fine.

Where a person stated in the preceding paragraph extorts money and goods

from others or illegally accepts money and goods from others to commit the

aforementioned crime, and when the circumstances are serious, he is to be

sentenced to not more than five years of fixed-term imprisonment or

criminal detention, and a fine.

Where a person stated in the first paragraph of this article is seriously

irresponsible and causes serious consequences by issuing certificates

greatly inconsistent with the facts, he is to be sentenced to not more than

three years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, and may in

addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

Article 230. Whoever violates the rules of the law on import-export

commodity inspection by avoiding commodity inspection and, without

authorization, selling and using imported goods or exporting exported goods

without having them gone through inspection by commodity inspection

authorities as required, and when the circumstances are serious, is to be

sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment or

criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a

fine.

Article 231. Where a unit commits the crimes stated in Article 221

through Article 230 of this section, it should be sentenced to a fine and

its directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible

personnel be punished according to the stipulations in these articles.

Article 232. Whoever intentionally kills another is to be sentenced to

death, life imprisonment or not less than 10 years of fixed-term

imprisonment; when the circumstances are relatively minor, he is to be

sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years of

fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 233. Whoever negligently causes the death of another is to be

sentenced to not less than three years and not more than seven years of

fixed-term imprisonment; when the circumstances are relatively minor, he is

to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Where this Law has other stipulations, matters are to be handled in

accordance with such stipulations.

Article 234. Whoever intentionally injures the person of another is to be

sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal

detention, or control.

Whoever commits the crime in the preceding paragraph and causes a person's

serious injury is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more

than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; if he causes a person's death or

causes a person's serious deformity by badly injuring him with particularly

ruthless means, he is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of

fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death. Where this Law has

other stipulations, matters are to be handled in accordance with such

stipulations.

Article 235. Whoever negligently injures another and causes him serious

injury is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term

imprisonment or criminal detention. Where this law has other stipulations,

matters are to be handled in accordance with such stipulations.

Article 236. Whoever, by violence, coercion or other means, rapes a woman

is to be sentenced to not less than three years and not more than 10 years

of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever has sexual relations with a girl under the age of 14 is to be

deemed to have committed rape and is to be given a heavier punishment.

Whoever rapes a woman or has sexual relations with a girl involving one of

the following circumstances is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of

fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death:

(1) rape a woman or have sexual relations with a girl and when the

circumstances are odious;

(2) rape several women or have sexual relations with several girls;

(3) rape a woman in a public place and in the public;

(4) rape a woman in turn with another or more persons;

(5) cause the victim serious injury, death, or other serious

consequences.

Article 237. Whoever, by violence, coercion or other means, forces,

molests, or humiliates a woman is to be sentenced to not more than five

years of fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention.

Whoever assembles a crowd to commit the crimes described in the preceding

paragraph, or commits such crimes in the public is to be sentenced to not

less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment.

Whoever molests a child is to be given a heavier punishment according to

the stipulations in the two preceding paragraphs.

Article 238. Whoever unlawfully detains another or deprives him of his

freedom of the person by any other means is to be sentenced to not more

than three years of fixed- term imprisonment, criminal detention, control,

or deprivation of political rights. In circumstances where beating or

humiliation are involved, a heavier punishment is to be given.

Whoever commits one of the crimes in the preceding paragraph and causes a

person's serious injury is to be sentenced to not less than three years and

not more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment; when he causes a

person's death, he is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of

fixed-term imprisonment; when he causes a person disability or death by

violent means, he is to be punished in according with the stipulations in

Article 234 and Article 232 of this law.

Whoever unlawfully detains or takes somebody into custody for the purpose

of demanding the payment of a debt is to be given a punishment in

accordance with the stipulations stated in the two preceding paragraphs.

Where an employee of a state organ abuses his authority to commit any of

the three aforementioned crimes, he is to receive a heavier punishment in

accordance with the stipulations stated in the three preceding paragraphs.

Article 239. Those kidnapping others with the purpose of blackmailing or

kidnapping others as hostages are to be sentenced to 10 years or more in

prison or to be given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation

of their property. Kidnappers causing the death of their hostages or

killing their hostages are to be sentenced to death and their property

confiscated.

Those stealing or robbing infants or babies for the purpose of blackmailing

are to be punished according to stipulations in the above paragraph.

Article 240. Those abducting and trafficking women or children are to be

sentenced to 5 to 10 years in prison plus fine. Those falling into one or

more of the following cases are to be sentenced to 10 years of more in

prison or to be given life sentences, in addition to fines or confiscation

of property. Those committing especially serious crimes are to be sentenced

to death in addition to confiscation of property.

(1) Primary elements of rings engaging in abducting and trafficking

women or children;

(2) those abducting and trafficking more than three women and/or

children;

(3) those raping abducted women;

(4) those seducing, tricking, or forcing abducted women into

prostitution, or those selling abducted women to others who in turn

force them into prostitution;

(5) those kidnapping women or children using force, coercion, or

narcotics, for the purpose of selling them;

(6) those stealing or robbing infants or babies for the purpose of

selling them;

(7) those causing abducted women or children, or their family members,

to serious injuries or death, or causing other grave consequences;

(8) those selling abducted women or children to outside the country.

Abducting and trafficking women or children refers to abducting,

kidnapping, buying, selling, transporting, or transshipping women or

children.

Article 241. Those buying abducted women or children are to be sentenced

to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention or

surveillance.

Those buying abducted women and forcing them to have sex with them are to

be convicted and punished according to stipulations of article 236.

Those buying abducted women or children and illegally depriving them of or

restricting their physical freedom, or injuring or insulting them, are to

be convicted and punished according to relevant stipulations of this law.

Those buying abducted women or children and committing crimes stipulated in

paragraphs two and three of this article are to be punished for committing

more than one crime.

Those buying and selling abducted women or children are to be convicted and

punished according to article 240 of this law.

Those buying abducted women or children but not obstructing bought women

from returning to their original residence in accordance with their wishes,

or not abusing bought children and not obstructing efforts to rescue them,

may not be investigated for their criminal liability.

Article 242. Those using force or coercion to obstruct workers of state

organs from rescuing bought women or children are to be convicted and

punished according to article 277 of this law.

Primary elements who lead other people to obstruct workers of state organs

from rescuing bought women or children are to be sentenced to five years or

fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. Other elements who use

force or coercion are to be punished according to paragraph one of this

article.

Article 243. Those fabricating stories to frame others or in an attempt

to subject others to criminal investigation, if the case is serious, are to

be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal

detention or surveillance. Those causing serious consequences are to be

sentenced to three to 10 years in prison.

Workers of state organs committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph

are to be severely punished.

Stipulations in the above two paragraphs do not apply to those who do not

deliberately frame others but accuse others by mistake, or who report

others' crimes not conforming to the facts.

Article 244. Persons of employing units who are directly responsible for

forcing workers to labor by restricting their physical freedom in violation

of labor management laws and regulations are to be sentenced to three years

or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention, in addition to fine, or

are to be fined.

Article 245. Those illegally physically searching others or illegally

searching others' residences, or those illegally intruding into others'

residences, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put

under criminal detention.

Judicial workers committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph by abusing their authority are to be severely punished.

Article 246. Those openly insulting others using force or other methods or those fabricating stories to slander others, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention or surveillance, or deprived of their political rights.

Those committing crimes mentioned above are to be investigated only if they are sued, with the exception of cases that seriously undermine social order or the state's interests.

Article 247. Judicial workers who extort a confession from criminal suspects or defendants by torture, or who use force to extract testimony from witnesses, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. Those causing injuries to others, physical disablement, or death, are to be convicted and severely punished according to articles 234 and 232 of this law.

Article 248. Supervisory and management personnel of prisons, detention centers, and other guard houses who beat or physically abuse their inmates, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention. If the case is especially serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison.

Those causing injuries to injuries, physical disablement, or death, are to be convicted and severely punished according to article 234 and 232 of this law.

Supervisory and management personnel who order inmates to beat or physically abuse other inmates are to be punished according to stipulations in the above paragraph.

Article 249. Those provoking ethnic hatred or discrimination, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention or surveillance, or deprived of their political rights. If the case is especially serious, they are to be sentenced to three to 10 years in prison.

Article 250. Persons directly responsible for publishing materials that discriminate or insult minority nationalities, if the case is serious and results in grave consequences, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance.

Article 251. Workers of state organs who illegally deprive citizens' right to religious beliefs or who encroach on minority nationalities' customs or habits, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

Article 252. Those infringing upon the citizens right of communication freedom by hiding, destroying, or illegally opening others' letters, if the

case is serious, are to be sentenced to one year or less in prison or put

under criminal detention.

Article 253. Postal workers who open, hide, or destroy mail or telegrams

without authorization are to be sentenced to two years or less in prison or

put under criminal detention.

Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and stealing

money or other articles are to be convicted and severely punished according

to article 264 of this law.

Article 254. Workers of state organs who abuse their authority by

retaliating against or framing accusers, petitioners, criticizers, or

informants, in the name of conducting official business, are to be

sentenced to two years or less in prison or put under criminal detention.

If the case is serious, they are to be sentenced to two to seven years in

prison.

Article 255. Leaders of companies, enterprises, institutions, offices, or

other organizations who persecute and retaliate against accountants or

statisticians who perform their duty according to law and boycott acts that

violate the accounting and statistics law, if the case is serious, are to

be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal

detention.

Article 256. In electing deputies to the people's congresses at all

levels or leaders of state organs, those who undermine the elections or

obstruct voters and deputies from freely exercising their right to vote or

be elected by using force, coercion, deception, bribe; by falsifying

election documents; by making a false report on the numbers of ballots; or

by using other means, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison, put under criminal detention, or deprived of their political rights.

Article 257. Those using force to interfere in others' freedom of marriage are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and causing others to die are to be sentenced to two to seven years in prison.

Those committing crimes stipulated in the first paragraph of this article are to be investigated only if they are sued.

Article 258. Those who have a spouse and get married again, or who marry someone whom they know has a spouse, are to be sentenced to two years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

Article 259. Those who live together with or marry someone whom they know is the spouse of an active duty service member are to be sentenced to three years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention.

Those who use their authority or subordinate relationship to seduce the wives of active duty servicemen for illicit sexual relations by resorting to coercion are to be convicted and punished according to article 236 of this law.

Article 260. Those mistreating their family members, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to two years or less in prison, or put under criminal detention or surveillance.

Those committing crimes stipulated in the above paragraph and causing the victims to severe injuries or death are to be sentenced to two to seven years in prison.

Those committing crime stipulated in the first paragraph of this article are to be investigated only if they are sued.

Article 261. Those who have the obligation but refuse to support those who are aged, young, sick, or do not have the ability to live independently, if the case is serious, are to be sentenced to five years or fewer in prison or put under criminal detention or surveillance.

Article 262. Those abducting minors under 14 years of age from their family or guardians are to be sentenced to five years or less in prison or put under criminal detention.