Limitation on national treatment

(3) In China, foreign invested enterprises include foreign capital enterprises (also referred to as wholly foreign-owned enterprises) and joint venture enterprises and there are two types of joint venture enterprises: equity joint ventures and contractual joint ventures.

Representative offices of foreign enterprises are permitted to be established in China, but they shall not engage in any profit-making activities except for the representative offices under CPC 861, 862, 863, 865 in the sectoral specific commitments.

(3) Unbound for all the existing subsidies to domestic services suppliers in the sectors of audio-visual, aviation and medical services.

(a) 70 years for residential purposes;

(b) 50 years for industrial purposes;

(c) 50 years for the purpose of education, science, culture, public health and physical education;

(d) 40 years for commercial, tourist and recreational purposes;

(e) 50 years for comprehensive utilization or other purposes.

(4) Unbound except for measures concerning the entry and temporary stay of natural persons who fall into one of the following categories:

(4) Unbound except for the measures concerning the entry and temporary stay of natural persons who fall into the categories referred to in the market access column.

(a) Managers, executives and specialists defined as senior employees of a corporation of a WTO Member that has established a representative office, branch or subsidiary in the territory of the People's Republic of China, temporarily moving as intra-corporate transferees, shall be permitted entry for an initial stay of three years;

(b) Managers, executives and specialists defined as senior employees of a corporation of WTO Members, being engaged in the foreign invested enterprises in the territory of the People's Republic of China for conducting business, shall be granted a long-term stay permit as stipulated in the terms of contracts concerned or an initial stay of three years, whichever is shorter;

(c) Service salespersons – persons not based in the territory of the People's Republic of China and receiving no remuneration from a source located within China, and who are engaged in activities related to representing a service supplier for the purpose of negotiation for the sale of services of that supplier where:

(a) such sales are not directly made to the general public and

(b) the salesperson is not engaged in supplying the service: entry for salespersons is limited to a 90-day period.

II. SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS

A. Professional Services

　

a. Legal Services

(CPC 861, excluding Chinese law practice)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Foreign law firms can provide legal services only in the form of representative offices in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Haikou, Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo, Yantai, Tianjin, Suzhou, Xiamen, Zhuhai, Hanghou, Fuzhou, Wuhan, Chengdu, Shenyang and Kunming only.

Representative offices can engage in profit-making activities. Representative offices in China shall be no less than the number established upon the date of accession. A foreign law firm can only establish one representative office in China. The above-mentioned geographic and quantitative limitations will be eliminated within one year after China's accession to the WTO.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) All representatives shall be resident in China no less than six months each year. The representative office shall not employ Chinese national registered lawyers outside of China.

(a) to provide clients with consultancy on the legislation of the country/region where the lawyers of the law firm are permitted to engage in lawyer's professional work, and on international conventions and practices;

(b) to handle, when entrusted by clients or Chinese law firms, legal affairs of the country/region where the lawyers of the law firm are permitted to engage in lawyer's professional work;

(c) to entrust, on behalf of foreign clients, Chinese law firms to deal with the Chinese legal affairs;

(d) to enter into contracts to maintain long-term entrustment relations with Chinese law firms for legal affairs;

(e) to provide information on the impact of the Chinese legal environment.

Entrustment allows the foreign representative office to directly instruct lawyers in the entrusted Chinese law firm, as agreed between both parties.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

b. Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services (CPC 862)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Partnerships or incorporated accounting firms are limited to Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) licensed by the Chinese authorities.

(4) Unbound except as indicted in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicted in Horizontal Commitments.

- Foreign accounting firms are permitted to affiliate with Chinese firms and enter into contractual agreements with their affiliated firms in other WTO members.

- Upon accession to the WTO, issuance of licenses to those foreigners who have passed the Chinese national CPA examination shall be accorded national treatment.

- Applicants will be informed of results in writing no later than 30 days after submission of their applications.

- Existing contractual joint venture accounting firms are not limited only to CPAs licensed by Chinese authorities.

- Accounting firms providing services in CPC 862 can engage in taxation and management consulting services. They will not be subject to requirements on form of establishment in CPC 865 and 8630.

c. Taxation services

(CPC 8630)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

None, within six years of China's accession, foreign firms will be permitted to establish wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

d. Architectural services

(CPC 8671)

e. Engineering services

(CPC 8672)

f. Integrated engineering services (CPC 8673)

g. Urban planning services (except general urban planning)

(CPC 8674)

(1) None for scheme design

Co-operation with Chinese professional organisations is required except scheme design

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

Within five years after China's accession to the WTO, wholly foreign-owned enterprises will be permitted

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

(1) None

　

　

(2) None

(3) Foreign service suppliers shall be registered architects/engineers, or enterprises engaged in architectural/engineering/urban planning services, in their home country

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

h. Medical and dental services

(CPC 9312)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Foreign service suppliers are permitted to establish joint venture hospitals or clinics with Chinese partners with quantitative limitations in line with China's needs, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments and as follows:

Foreign doctors with professional certificates issued by their home country shall be permitted to provide short-term medical services in China after they obtain licenses from the Ministry of Public Health. The term of service is six months and may extend to one year.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) The majority of doctors and medical personnel of the joint venture hospital and clinics shall be of Chinese nationality.

　

　

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

B. Computer and Related Services

a. Consultancy services related to the installation of computer hardware

(CPC 841)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

(4) Qualifications are as follows: certified engineers, or personnel with Bachelor's degree (or above) and three years of experience in these fields.

b. Software implementation services

(CPC 842)

- Systems and software consulting services (CPC 8421)

- Systems analysis services
(CPC 8422)

- Systems design services

(CPC 8423)

- Programming services

(CPC 8424)

- Systems maintenance services

(CPC 8425)

c. Data processing services

(CPC 843)

- Input preparation services
(CPC 8431)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Qualifications are as follows: certified engineers, or personnel with Bachelor's degree (or above) and three years of experience in these fields.

- Data processing and tabulation services

(CPC 8432)

- Time-sharing services

(CPC 8433)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

(4) Qualifications are as follows: certified engineers, or personnel with Bachelor's degree (or above) and three years of experience in these fields.

D. Real Estate Services

a. Real estate services involving own or leased property

(CPC 821)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None except for the following:

Wholly foreign-owned enterprises

are not permitted for high standard real estate projects, such as apartments and office buildings, but excluding luxury hotels.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

b. Real estate services on a fee or contract basis

(CPC 822)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

F. Other Business Services

a. Advertising Services

(CPC 871)

(1) Only through advertising agents registered in China who have the right to provide foreign advertising services.

(2) Only through advertising agents registered in China who have the right to provide foreign advertising services.

(3) Foreign service suppliers are permitted to establish advertising enterprises in China only in the form of joint ventures with foreign investment no more than 49 per cent.

Within two years after China's accession, foreign majority ownership will be permitted and within four years after China's accession, wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries will be permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

　

　

(2) None

　

　

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

c. Management Consulting services

(CPC 865)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

None, within six years of China's accession, foreign firms will be permitted to establish wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

e. Technical testing and analysis services

(CPC 8676)

and freight inspection covered by

CPC 749,

excluding statutory inspection services for freight inspection services

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Foreign services suppliers which have been engaged in inspection services in their home countries for more than three years are permitted to establish joint venture technical testing, analysis and freight inspection companies with no less than US$ 350,000 in registered capital.

Within two years after China's accession, foreign majority ownership will be permitted and within four years after China's accession, wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries will be permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

f. Services incidental to agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing

(CPC 881, 882)

m. Related scientific technical consulting services

(CPC 8675)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

- Offshore oil-field services geological, geophysical and other scientific prospecting services

(CPC 86751)

Sub-surface surveying services (CPC 86752)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of petroleum exploitation in cooperation with Chinese partners

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

- Onshore oil-field services

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of petroleum exploitation in cooperation with China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC) in the designated areas approved by the Chinese government.

In order to carry out the petroleum contract, the foreign service supplier shall establish a branch, subsidiary or representative office within the territory of the People's Republic of China and go through registration formalities in accordance with the laws. The domiciles of the said offices shall be determined through consultation with CNPC.

The foreign service supplier shall open its bank account with a bank approved by the Chinese authorities to engage in foreign exchange business within the Chinese territory.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) The foreign service supplier shall furnish CNPC accurately and promptly with the reports on the petroleum operations, and shall submit to CNPC the data and samples as well as various technological, economic, accounting and administrative reports related to petroleum operations.

CNPC shall have the ownership of all of the data records, samples, vouchers and other original information acquired during the implementation of the petroleum operations. The investment of foreign service suppliers shall be made in US dollars or other hard currencies.

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

p. Photographic services

(CPC 875)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

q. Packaging services

(CPC 876)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish joint venture in China.

Within one year after China's accession, foreign majority ownership will be permitted.

Within three years after China's accession, foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries.

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

s. Convention services

(CPC 87909)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

t. Translation and interpretation services

(CPC 87905)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Qualifications are as follows: three years of experience in translation or interpretation and a good command of the working language(s).

- Maintenance and repair services (CPC　63, 6112 and 6122)

- Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers

(CPC 845 and 886)

- Rental and leasing services

(CPC 831, 832, excluding

CPC 83202)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures. Within one year after China's accession, foreign majority ownership will be permitted.

Within three years after China's accession, wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries will be permitted.

For Rental and Leasing services, service suppliers will have global assets of US$　5　million.

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES

B. Courier Services

(CPC　75121, except for those currently specifically reserved to Chinese postal authorities by law)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Upon accession, foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish joint ventures with foreign investment not exceeding 49 per cent.

Within one year after China's accession, foreign majority ownership will be permitted.

Within four years after China's accession, foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries.

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

C. Telecommunication Services

Value-added Services

Including the following:

h. Electronic mail

i. Voice mail

j. On-line information and database retrieval

k. Electronic data interchange

l. Enhanced/Value-added facsimile services

(including store and forward, store and retrieve)

m. Code and protocol conversion

n. On-line information and/or data processing (including transaction processing)

(1) See mode 3

(2) None

(3) Foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish joint venture value-added telecommunication enterprises, without quantitative restrictions, and provide services in the cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. Foreign investment in joint venture shall be no more than 30 per cent.

Within one year after China's accession, the areas will be expanded to include Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo,

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

Qingdao, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Xi'an, Taiyuan and Wuhan and foreign investment shall be no more than 49 per cent.

Within two years after China's accession, there will be no geographic restriction and foreign investment shall be no more than 50　per　cent.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

Basic Telecommunication

Services

- Paging Services

(1) See mode 3

(2) None

(3) Foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish joint venture enterprises, without quantitative restrictions, and provide services in and between the cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. Foreign investment in joint venture shall be no more than 30 per cent.

Within one year after China's accession, the areas will be expanded to include services in and between Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Xi'an, Taiyuan and Wuhan and foreign investment shall be no more than 49 per cent.

Within two years after China's accession, there will be no geographic restriction and foreign investment shall be no more than 50 per cent.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

Mobile Voice and Data Services:

- Analogue / Digital / Cellular Services

- Personal Communication Services

(1) See mode 3

(2) None

(3) Upon China's accession, foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish joint venture enterprises, without quantitative restrictions, and provide services in and between the cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. Foreign investment in the joint venture shall be no more than 25 per cent.

Within one year after accession, the areas will be expanded to include services in and between Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Xi'an, Taiyuan and Wuhan and foreign investment shall be no more than 35　per　cent.

Within three years after accession, foreign investment shall be no more than 49　per　cent.

Within five years after accession, there will be no geographic restriction.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

- Domestic Services

a. Voice services

b. Packet-switched data transmission services

c. Circuit-switched data transmission services

f. Facsimile services

g. Domestic private leased circuit services

- International Services

a. Voice services

b. Packet-switched data transmission services

c. Circuit-switched data transmission services

f. Facsimile services

g. International closed user group voice and data services (use of private leased circuit service is permitted)

(1) See mode 3

(2) None

(3) Within three years after China's accession, foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish joint venture enterprises, without quantitative restrictions, and provide services in and between the cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. Foreign investment in the joint venture shall be no more than 25 per cent.

Within five years after accession, the areas will be expanded to include services in and between Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Xi'an, Taiyuan and Wuhan. And foreign investment shall be no more than 35　per　cent.

Within six years after accession, there will be no geographic restriction and foreign investment shall be no more than 49 per cent.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

D. Audiovisual Services

- Videos, including entertainment software and

(CPC 83202), distribution services

- Sound recording distribution services

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Upon accession, foreign services suppliers will be permitted to establish contractual joint ventures with Chinese partners to engage in the distribution of audiovisual products, excluding motion pictures, without prejudice to China's right to examine the content of audio and video products (see footnote 1).

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

- Cinema Theatre Services

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Upon accession, foreign services suppliers will be permitted to construct and/or renovate cinema theatres, with foreign investment no more than 49 per cent.

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES

(CPC 511, 512, 513, 514, 515,

516, 517, 518)

(1) Unbound^*

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

Within three years after China's accession to the WTO, wholly foreign-owned enterprises will be permitted. Wholly foreign-owned enterprises can only undertake the following four types of construction projects.

1. Construction projects wholly financed by foreign investment and/or grants.

2. Construction projects financed by loans of international financial institutions and awarded through international tendering according to the terms of loans.

3. Chinese-foreign jointly constructed projects with foreign investment equal to or more than 50 per cent; and Chinese-foreign jointly constructed projects with foreign investment less than 50 per cent but technically difficult to be implemented by Chinese construction enterprises alone

(1) Unbound*

(2) None

(3) None except for the following:

(a) The existing registered capital requirements for joint venture construction enterprises are slightly different from those of the domestic enterprises.

(b) Joint venture construction enterprises have the obligation to undertake foreign-invested construction projects.

Within three years after China's accession to the WTO, none.

4. Chinese invested construction projects which are difficult to be implemented by Chinese construction enterprises alone can be jointly undertaken by Chinese and foreign construction enterprises with the approval of provincial government

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(as defined in Annex　2)

A. Commission Agents’ Services
(excluding salt, tobacco)

B. Wholesale Trade Services
(excluding salt, tobacco)

(1) Unbound

(2) None

(3) Within one year after China's accession to the WTO, foreign service suppliers may establish joint ventures to engage in the commission agents' business and wholesale business of all imported and domestically produced products, except those products that immediately follow. For these products, foreign service suppliers will be permitted to engage in the distribution of books, newspapers, magazines, pharmaceutical products, pesticides and mulching films within three years after China's accession, and to engage in the distribution of chemical fertilizers, processed oil and crude oil within five years after China's accession.

Within two years after China's accession to the WTO, foreign majority ownership will be permitted and no geographic or quantitative restrictions will apply.

None, within three years after accession, except for chemical fertilizers, processed oil and crude oil within five years after accession.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) Unbound

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

Foreign service suppliers are permitted to provide the full range of related subordinate services, including after sales services, as defined in Annex 2, for the products they distribute.

C. Retailing Services (excluding tobacco).

(1) Unbound except for mail order.

(2) None

(3) Foreign service suppliers may supply services only in forms of joint ventures in five Special Economic Zones (Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen and Hainan) and six cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Dalian and Qingdao). In Beijing and Shanghai, a total of no more than four joint venture retailing enterprises are permitted respectively. In each of the other cities, no more than two joint venture retailing enterprises will be permitted. Two joint venture retailing enterprises among the four to be established in Beijing may set up their branches in the same city (i.e. Beijing).

Upon China's accession to the WTO, Zhengzhou and Wuhan will be immediately open to joint venture retailing enterprises. Within two years after China's accession to the WTO, foreign majority control will be permitted in joint venture retailing enterprises and all provincial capitals, Chongqing and Ningbo will be open to joint venture retailing enterprises.

Foreign service suppliers will be permitted to engage in the retailing of all products, except for the retailing of books, newspapers and magazines within one year after accession, the retailing of pharmaceutical products, pesticides, mulching films and processed oil

(1) Unbound except for mail order.

(2) None

(3) None

Foreign service suppliers are permitted to provide full range of related subordinate services, including after sales services, as defined in Annex　2, for the products they distribute.

within three years after accession and retailing of chemical fertilizers within five years after accession.

None, within three years after accession, except for:

- retailing of chemical fertilizers, within five years after accession; and- those chain stores which sell products of different types and brands from multiple suppliers with more than 30 outlets. For such chains stores with more than 30 outlets, foreign majority ownership will not be permitted if those chain stores distribute any of the following products: motor vehicles (for a period of five years after accession at which time the equity limitation will have been eliminated), and products listed above and in Annex 2a of the Protocol of China's WTO Accession. The foreign chain store operators will have the freedom of choice of any partner, legally established in China according to China's laws and regulations.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

D. Franchising

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Within three years after China's accession to the WTO, none.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Within three years after China's accession to the WTO, none.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

E. Wholesale or retail trade services away from a fixed location.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Within three years after China's accession to the WTO, none.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Within three years after China's accession to the WTO, none.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

A. Primary education services

(CPC 921, excluding national compulsory education in CPC 92190)

B. Secondary education services

(CPC 922, excluding national compulsory education in CPC 92210)

C. Higher education services

(CPC 923)

D. Adult education services

(CPC 924)

E. Other education services

(CPC 929, including English language training)

(1) Unbound

(2) None

(3) Joint schools will be established, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments and the following:

foreign individual education service suppliers may enter into China to provide education services when invited or employed by Chinese schools and other education institutions.

(1) Unbound

(2) None

(3) Unbound

　

(4) Qualifications are as follows:

possession of Bachelor's degree or above;

and an appropriate professional title or certificate, with two years’ professional experiences.

6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

A. Sewage Services
(CPC 9401)

B. Solid Waste Disposal Services
(CPC 9402)

C. Cleaning Services of Exhaust Gases
(CPC 9404)

D. Noise Abatement Services
(CPC 9405)

E. Nature and Landscape Protection Services
(CPC 9406)

F. Other Environmental Protection Services
(CPC 9409)

G. Sanitation Services

(CPC 9403)

(1) Unbound except for environmental consultation services.

(2) None

(3) Foreign services suppliers engaged in environmental services are permitted to provide services only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

7. FINANCIAL SERVICES

A. All Insurance and Insurance-Related Services

a. Life, health and pension/annuities insurance

b. Non-life insurance

c. Reinsurance

d. Services auxiliary to insurance

(1) Unbound except for :

a) reinsurance;

b) international marine, aviation, and transport insurance; and

c) brokerage for large scale commercial risks, international marine, aviation, and transport insurance, and reinsurance.

(2) Unbound for brokerage. Other, none.

(3) A. Form of establishment

Foreign non-life insurers will be permitted to establish as a branch or as a joint venture with 51 per cent foreign ownership.

Within two years after China's accession, foreign non-life insurers will be permitted to establish as a wholly-owned subsidiary; i.e., with no form of establishment restrictions.

Upon accession, foreign life insurers will be permitted 50 per cent foreign ownership in a joint venture with the partner of their choice.

The joint venture partners can freely agree the terms of their engagement, provided they remain within the limits of the commitments contained in this schedule.

For brokerage for insurance of large scale commercial risks and brokerage for reinsurance and brokerage for international marine,

(1) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

(2) None

(3) None, except for:

- Foreign insurance institutions shall not engage in the statutory insurance business.

- Upon accession, a 20 per cent cession of all lines of the primary risks for non-life, personal accident and health insurance business with an appointed Chinese Reinsurance Company shall be required; one year after accession, 15 per cent shall be required; two years after accession, ten per cent shall be required; and three years after accession, five per cent shall be required; and four years after accession, no compulsory cession shall be required.

aviation, and transport insurance and reinsurance: upon accession, joint venture with foreign equity no more than 50 per cent will be permitted; within three years after China's accession, foreign equity share shall be increased to 51 per cent; within five years after China's accession, wholly foreign owned subsidiary will be permitted. For other brokerage services: Unbound. Internal branching for an insurance firm will be permitted consistent with the phase out of geographic restrictions.

B. Geographic Coverage

Upon accession, foreign life and non-life insurers, and insurance brokers will be permitted to provide services in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, Shenzhen and Foshan. Within two years after China's accession, foreign life and non-life insurers, and insurance brokers will be permitted to provide services in the following cities: Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Fuzhou, Suzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shenyang, Wuhan and Tianjin. Within three years after China's accession, there will be no geographic restrictions.

C. Business Scope

Upon accession, foreign non-life insurers will be permitted to provide "master policy" insurance/insurance of large scale commercial risks, which has no geographic restrictions. In accordance with national treatment, foreign insurance brokers will be permitted to provide "Master policy" no later than Chinese brokers, under conditions no less favourable.

Foreign non-life insurers are permitted to provide insurance of enterprises abroad as well as property insurance, related liability insurance and credit insurance of foreign-invested enterprises in China upon accession. Within 2 years after China's accession, foreign non-life insurers will be permitted to provide the full range of non-life insurance services to both foreign and domestic
clients.

Foreign insurers are permitted to provide individual (not group) insurance to foreigners and Chinese citizens; within three years after accession, foreign insurers will be permitted to provide health insurance, group insurance and pension/annuities insurance to foreigners and Chinese.

Upon accession, foreign insurers will be permitted to provide reinsurance services for life and non-life insurance as a branch, joint venture, or wholly foreign-owned subsidiary, without geographic or quantitative restrictions on the number of licenses issued.

D. Licenses

Upon accession, licenses will be issued with no economic needs test or quantitative limits on licenses. Qualifications for establishing a foreign insurance institution are as follows:

- the investor shall be a foreign insurance company with more than 30 years of establishment experience in a WTO member;

- it shall have a representative office for two consecutive years in China;

- it shall have total assets of more than US $5 billion at the end of the year prior to application, except for insurance brokers.

Insurance brokers shall have total assets of more than US$ 500 million. Within one year after accession, they shall have total assets of more than US$ 400 million. Within two years after accession, they shall have total assets of more than US$ 300 million Within four years after accession, they shall have total assets of more than US$ 200 million.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

B. Banking and Other Financial Services

(excluding insurance and securities)

a. Acceptance of deposits and other repayable funds from the public;

b. Lending of all types, including consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring and financing of commercial transaction;

c. Financial leasing;

d. All payment and money transmission services, including credit, charge and debit cards, travellers cheques and bankers drafts(including import and export settlement);

e. Guarantees and commitments;

f. Trading for own account or for account of customers: foreign exchange.

(1) Unbound except for the following:

- Provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software by suppliers of other financial services;

- Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary financial services on all activities listed in subparagraphs (a) through (k), including credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy.

(2) None

(3) A. Geographic coverage

For foreign currency business, there will be no geographic restriction upon accession. For local currency business, the geographic restriction will be phased out as follows: Upon accession, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Dalian; Within one year after accession, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Qingdao, Nanjing and Wuhan; within two years after accession, Jinan, Fuzhou, Chengdu and Chongqing; within three years after accession, Kunming, Beijing and Xiamen; Within four years after accession, Shantou, Ningbo, Shenyang and Xi'an. Within five years after accession, all geographic restrictions will be removed.

(1) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(2) None

(3) Except for geographic restrictions and client limitations on local currency business (listed in the market access column), foreign financial institution may do business, without restrictions or need for case-by-case approval, with foreign invested enterprises, non-Chinese natural persons, Chinese natural persons and Chinese enterprises. Otherwise, none.

B. Clients

For foreign currency business, foreign financial institutions will be permitted to provide services in China without restriction as to clients upon accession.

For local currency business, within two years after accession, foreign financial institutions will be permitted to provide services to Chinese enterprises. Within five years after accession, foreign financial institutions will be permitted to provide services to all Chinese clients. Foreign financial institutions licensed for local currency business in one region of China may service clients in any other region that has been opened for such business.

Criteria for authorization to deal in China's financial services sector are solely prudential (i.e., contain no economic needs test or quantitative limits on licenses). Within five years after accession, any existing non-prudential measures restricting ownership, operation, and juridical form of foreign financial institutions, including on internal branching and licenses, shall be eliminated.

Foreign financial institutions who meet the following condition are permitted to establish a subsidiary of a foreign bank or a foreign finance company in China:

- total assets of more than US $10 billion at the end of the year prior to filing the application.

Foreign financial institutions who meet the following condition are permitted to establish a branch of a foreign bank in China:

- total assets of more than US $20 billion at the end of the year prior to filing the application.

Foreign financial institutions who meet the following condition are permitted to establish a Chinese-foreign joint bank or a Chinese-foreign joint finance company in China:

- total assets of more than US　$10 billion at the end of the year prior to filing the application.

Qualifications for foreign financial institutions to engage in local currency business are as follows:

- three years business operation in China and being profitable for two consecutive years prior to the application, otherwise, none.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

- Motor vehicle financing by non-bank financial institutions

(1) Unbound except for the following:

- Provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software by suppliers of other financial services;

- Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary financial services on all activities listed in subparagraphs (a) through (k), including credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy.

(2) None

(3) None

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) Unbound

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(2) None

(3) None

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

- Other financial services as listed below:

k. Provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software by supplier of other financial services;

l. Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary financial services on all activities listed in subparagraphs (a) through (k), including credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None (Criteria for authorization to deal in China's financial services sector are solely prudential (i.e., contain no economic needs test or quantitative limits on licenses). Branches of foreign institutions are permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

- Securities

(1) Unbound except for the following:

- Foreign securities institutions may engage directly (without Chinese intermediary) in B share business.

(2) None

(3) a. Unbound, except for the following:

- Upon accession, representative offices in China of foreign securities institutions may become Special Members of all Chinese stock exchanges.

- Upon accession, foreign service suppliers will be permitted to establish joint ventures with foreign investment up to 33　per　cent to conduct domestic securities investment fund management business. Within three years after China's accession, foreign investment shall be increased to 49 per cent. Within three years after accession, foreign securities institutions will be permitted to establish joint ventures, with foreign minority ownership not exceeding 1/3, to engage (without Chinese intermediary) in underwriting A shares and in underwriting and trading of B and H shares as well as government and corporate debts, launching of funds.

b. Criteria for authorization to deal in China's financial industry are solely prudential (i.e., contain no economic needs test or quantitative limits on licenses).

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

　

　

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES

A. Hotels (including apartment buildings) and Restaurants

(CPC 641-643)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Foreign services suppliers may construct, renovate and operate hotel and restaurant establishments in China in the form of joint ventures with foreign majority ownership permitted.

None, within four years after accession, wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries will be permitted.

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments and as follows:

- Foreign managers, specialists including chefs and senior executives who have signed contracts with joint venture hotels and restaurants in China shall be permitted to provide services in China.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

B. Travel Agency and Tour Operator

(CPC 7471)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Foreign services suppliers who meet the following conditions are permitted to provide services in the form of joint venture travel agencies and tour operators in the holiday resorts designated by the Chinese government and in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi'an upon accession:

a) a travel agency and tour operator mainly engaged in travel business;

b) Annual world-wide turnover exceeds US$ 40 million.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None except that joint ventures or wholly-owned travel agencies and tour operators are not permitted to engage in the activities of Chinese travelling abroad and to Hong Kong China, Macao China and Chinese Taipei.

The registered capital of joint venture travel agency/tour operator shall be no less than RMB 4 million.

Within three years after China's accession, the registered capital shall be no less than RMB 2.5 million. Within three years after accession foreign majority ownership will be permitted.

a) travel and hotel accommodation services for foreign travellers which can be made directly with transportation and hotel operators in China covering such operations;

b) travel services and hotel accommodation services for domestic travellers which can be made directly with transportation and hotel operators in China covering such operations;

c) conducting of tours within China for both domestic and foreign travellers, and

d) travellers check cashing services within China.

None within six years after accession, there will be no restriction on the establishment of branches of the joint venture travel agency/tour operator and the requirement on registered capital of foreign-invested travel agency/tour operator will be the same as that of Chinese travel agency/tour operator.

4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(4) Unbound, except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

11. TRANSPORT SERVICES

A. Maritime Transport Services

- International transport (freight and passengers)

(CPC 7211 and 7212 less cabotage transport services)

(1) (a) Liner shipping (including passenger transportation): None

(b) Bulk, tramp and other international shipping (including passenger transportation): None

(2) None

(3) (a) Establishment of registered companies for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the People's Republic of China:

- Foreign service suppliers are permitted to establish joint venture shipping companies.

- Foreign investment shall not exceed 49 per cent of the total registered capital of the joint venture.

- The chairman of board of directors and the general manager of the joint venture shall be appointed by the Chinese side.

(b) Other forms of commercial presence for the supply of international maritime transport services: Unbound

(4) (a) Ship's crew: Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(b) Key personnel employed by Commercial Presence as defined under mode (3) (b) above: Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) (a) None

(b) None

　

(2) None

(3) (a) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(b) Unbound

　

　

(4) (a) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(b) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

1. Pilotage

2. Towing and tug assistance

3. Provisioning, fuelling and watering

4. Garbage collecting and ballast waste disposal

5. Port Captain's services

6. Navigation aids

7. Shore-based operational services essential to ship operations, including communications, water and electrical supplies

8. Emergency repair facilities

9. Anchorage, berth and berthing services.

H. Auxiliary Services

a. Maritime cargo-handling services

(CPC 741)

c. Customs clearance services for maritime transport

(1) Unbound^*

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) Unbound*

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

d. Container station and depot services

　

(1) Unbound*

(2) None

(3) Only in forms of joint ventures, with foreign majority ownership permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) Unbound*

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

e. Maritime agency services

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in forms of joint ventures, with foreign equity share no more than 49 per cent.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

B. Internal Waterways Transport

b. Freight transport

(CPC 7222)

(1) Only international shipping in ports open to foreign vessels shall be permitted.

(2) None

(3) Unbound

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) Limitations as indicated under market access column.

(2) None

(3) Unbound

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments

C. Air Transport Services

d. Aircraft repair and maintenance services

(CPC 8868)

(1) Unbound^*

(2) None

(3) Foreign service suppliers are permitted to establish joint venture aircraft repair and maintenance enterprises in China. The Chinese side shall hold controlling shares or be in a dominant position in the joint ventures. Licenses for the establishments of joint ventures are subject to economic needs test.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) Unbound*

(2) None

(3) The joint ventures have the obligation to undertake business in the international market.

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

- Computer Reservation System (CRS) services

(1) A. Foreign Computer Reservation System, when having agreements with Chinese aviation enterprises and Chinese Computer Reservation System, may provide services to Chinese aviation enterprises and Chinese aviation agents by connecting with Chinese Computer Reservation System.

B. Foreign Computer Reservation System may provide services to representative offices and sales offices established in the destination cities in China by foreign aviation enterprises which have the right to engage in business according to the bilateral aviation agreements.

C. Direct access to and use of foreign Computer Reservation System by Chinese aviation enterprises and agents of foreign aviation enterprises are subject to approval of the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China (CAAC).

(2) None

(3) Unbound

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(2) None

(3) Unbound

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

E. Rail Transport Services

F. Road Transport Services

- Freight transportation by rail

(CPC 7112)

- Freight transportation by road in trucks or cars

(CPC 7123)

(1) None

(2) None

(3) Only in the form of joint ventures, with foreign investment not to exceed 49 per cent.

For rail transport, within three years after China's accession, foreign majority ownership will be permitted and within six years after China's accession, wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries will be permitted.

For road transport, within one year after China's accession, foreign majority ownership will be permitted, within three years after China's accession, wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries will be permitted.

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

(1) None

(2) None

(3) None

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

(4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.